Chapter 1-3

Question 1

Behaviourism

Answer 1

B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning: specific actions receive rewards or punishment.
Ivan Pavlov - classical conditioning: need > control

Question 2

B.F Skinner

Answer 2

operant conditioning: specific rewards receive reward or punishment

Question 3

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 3

classical conditioning: need > control

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

Adaptive purpose/function of mind and behaviour
Wundt + Titchner: learned about sensation and perception through self-report and introspection

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

The structure of conscious experience by understanding the elements of thoughts and feeling
William James: to understand mental processes by understanding the goal or purpose of these processes

Question 6

Dualism

Answer 6

Descartes: the mind and body are two separate things

Question 7

Naturalistic oberservation

Answer 7

Observer is passive, remains separate, and does not interfere

Question 8

Structured Observation

Answer 8

create an environment that is more likely to elicit certain behaviours

Question 9

Random assignment

Answer 9

randomly assigning people to a control and experimental group

Question 10

Random sample

Answer 10

a subset of a population chosen at random

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

A group that a researcher specifically wants to test. (ex. uni students)

Question 12

Convenient sample

Answer 12

a subset of a population that is chosen out of convenience for the study

Question 13

Walter Bradford Cannon

Answer 13

created fight or flight as well as the word homeostasis

Question 14

Stressor

Answer 14

anything that pushes the body out of homeostasis

Question 15

Stress Response

Answer 15

physical and behavioural response to return to homeostasis

Question 16

Hans Selye

Answer 16

created General Adaptive Syndrome (GAS)

Question 17

Alarm stage

Answer 17

stage 1 of GAS - person experiences burst of energy in response to short term stress

Question 18

Resistance stage

Answer 18

stage 2 of GAS - physical efforts attempt to resist the stressor (coping mechanisms)

Question 19

Exhaustion stage

Answer 19

stage 3 of GAS - weakened resistance

Question 20

Frontal lobe

Answer 20

personality, planning, motor control, language production, and emotions.

Question 21

Occipital lobe

Answer 21

perception of visual information

Question 22

Temporal lobe

Answer 22

auditory processing, language comprehension (left), image and facial recognition (right).

Question 23

Parietal lobe

Answer 23

perceives sensations touch, temperature, pain, and vision for action

Question 24

Acetlycholine

Answer 24

neural muscular junction, learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming.

Question 25

Norepinephrine

Answer 25

arousal, vigilance, and attention

Question 26

Serotonin

Answer 26

emotional state, impulsiveness, and dreaming

Question 27

Dopamine

Answer 27

reward, motivation, voluntary motor control

Question 28

Glutamate

Answer 28

enhancement of action potentials and memory

Question 29

GABA

Answer 29

inhibition of action potentials and reduced anxiety

Question 30

Endorphines

Answer 30

pain reduction and reward.

Question 31

Hemispheric Lateralization

Answer 31

functional difference between L & R hemispheres. each hemisphere performs a certain task that the other does not

Question 32

Corpus callosum separation

Answer 32

treats severe seizures separating the connection between R & L hemispheres causing split-brain

Question 33

Left hemisphere

Answer 33

speech, rational thought, control R side of the body and R visual fields

Question 34

Right hemisphere

Answer 34

image processing, spatial thinking, non-verbal, controls L side of body and L visual fields