Final Exam (chap 12-14) Flashcards
Institutional sexism
Subordination of women that is part of the everyday workings of economics, law, politics, and other social institutions
Matriarchy
Female-dominated society that gives higher prestige and value to women than to men
Objectification
Practice of treating people as objects
Patriarchy
Male-dominated society in which cultural beliefs and values give higher prestige and value to men than to women
Sexism
System of beliefs that asserts the inferiority of one sex and justifies gender-based inequality
Age structure
A population’s balance of old and young people
Birth cohort
Set of people who were born during the same era and who face similar societal circumstances brought about by their shared position in the overall age structure of the population
Cohort effect
Phenomenon in which members of a birth cohort tend to experience a particular life course event or rite of passage—puberty, marriage, childbearing, graduation, entry into the workforce, death—at roughly the same time
Demographer
Sociologist who studies trends in population characteristics
Migration
Movement of populations from one geographic area to another
Period effect
Phenomenon in which a historical event or major social trend contributes to the unique shape and outlook of a birth cohort
Urbanization
The process by which people leave rural areas and begin to concentrate in large cities
Anomie
Condition in which rapid change has disrupted society’s ability to adequately regulate and control its members and the old rules that governed people’s lives no longer seem to apply
Countermovement
Collective action designed to prevent or reverse changes sought or accomplished by an earlier social movement
Cultural diffusion
Process by which beliefs, technology, customs, and other elements of culture spread from one group or society to another
Global climate change
Steady rise in Earth’s average temperature as a result of increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Ideology
Coherent system of beliefs, values, and ideas
Postindustrial society
Society in which knowledge, the control of information, and service industries are more important elements of the economy than agriculture or manufacturing and production
Reform movement
Collective action that seeks to change limited aspects of a society but does not seek to alter or replace major social institutions
Resource mobilization theory
A theory of social movements that suggests that no social movement can exist unless it has an organized system for acquiring needed resources: money, labor, participants, legal aid, access to the media
Revolutionary movement
Collective action that attempts to overthrow an entire social system and replace it with another
Social movement
Continuous, large-scale, organized collective action motivated by the desire to enact, stop, or reverse change in some area of society
