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Sociolgy > Final Exam. Ch 21-24 > Flashcards

Final Exam. Ch 21-24 Flashcards

1
Q

Demography

A

The study of the human population

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2
Q

Population

A

A group of people that live in a specified geographic area

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3
Q

Census

A

Enumeration or counting of a population

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4
Q

Population composition

A

The biological and social characteristics of a population including age, sex, race, marital status, education, income and size of household.

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5
Q

Sex ratio

A

The number of males per every 100 females in a population

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6
Q

Age-sex pyramid

A

A graphic representation of the age and sex of a population

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7
Q

Fertility

A

Refers to the incidence of child bearing in a country’s population

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8
Q

Mortality rate

A

Refers to the incident of death in a population

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9
Q

Migration

A

The movement of people into and out of a specific territory

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10
Q

Crude birth rate

A

The number of live births in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population

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11
Q

Fecundity

A

The potential number of children who could be born if every woman reproduced at her maximum biological capacity

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12
Q

Crude death rate

A

The number of deaths in a given year for every 1,000 people in a population

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13
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The number of deaths among infants under on year of age for each 1,000 live births in a given year

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14
Q

Life expectancy

A

The median number of years a person can be expected to live under current mortality conditions

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15
Q

Immigrants

A

Those who enter a country to establish permanent resident

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16
Q

Emigrant

A

Are those who leave a country permanently

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17
Q

Growth rate

A

The difference between births and deaths, plus the difference between immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 population

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18
Q

Theories of population growth

A

Malthusian-original problem
Marxist- solution
Neo- Malthusian- new problem

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19
Q

Urbanization

A

The concentration of population into cities

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20
Q

Five categories of urban dwellers

A 
Cosmopolitans(people wanting culture)
Unmarried and childless people
Ethnic villagers 
The deprived(poor with dim future prospects)
The trapped(elderly, addicts, jobless)
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21
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease and infirmity

22
Q

Social epidemiology

A

The study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society’s population

23
Q

Incidents

A

The number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period, usually a year.

24
Q

Prevalence

A

Refers to the total number of cases of a specific disorder that exists at a different time

25
Q

Sick role

A

Patterns of behavior defined as appropriate for people who are ill

26
Q

Social change

A

The transformation of culture and social institutions over time

27
Q

Collective behavior

A

Activity in loving a large number of people that is unplanned, often controversial, and sometimes dangerous.

28
Q

Institutionalized behavior

A

Well-organized and rather predictable

29
Q

Panic

A

A form of collective behavior in which people in one place react to a threat of other stimulus with irrational, frantic, and often self-destructive behavior

30
Q

Mob

A

A highly emotional crowd that pursues a violent or destructive goal

31
Q

Riot

A

A social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected

32
Q

Crowd

A

A temporary gathering of people who share a common focus of attention and who influence one another

33
Q

5 types of crowds

A 
Casual
Conventional
Expressive
Acting
Protest
34
Q

Casual crowd

A

Loose collection of people who interact little, if at all

35
Q

Conventional crowd

A

Deliberate planning. The behavior of people involved follows a clear set of norms

36
Q

Expressive crowd

A

Forms around an event with emotional appeal

37
Q

Acting crowd

A

Ole Rickey motivated by an intense, single-minded purpose. Triggered by powerful emotions.

38
Q

Protest crowd

A

Engages in activities intended to achieve specific political goals

39
Q

Contagion theory

A

Crowds have a hypnotic influence on their members. People forget about personal responsibility and give in to the contagious emotions of the crowd

40
Q

Convergence theory

A

Crowd behavior comes from the particular people who join in. From this point of view, a crowd is a convergence of like-minded individuals

41
Q

Rumor

A

Unconfirmed information that people spread informally, often by word of mouth or by using electronic devices

42
Q

Gossip

A

Refers to a rumor about people’s personal affairs

43
Q

Public opinion

A

Refers to widespread attitudes about controversial issues

44
Q

Social movement

A

Refers to an organized activity that encourages or discourages social change

45
Q

4 types of social movements

A

Alternative movements
Redemption movements
Reformative movements
Revolutionary movements

46
Q

Alternative movements

A

Seek limited change in only a part of the population. Help certain people alter their lives. Small changes

47
Q

Redemptive movements

A

Target specific people, but they seek radical change. Their aim is the held certain people redeem their lives. Big changes

48
Q

Reformative movements

A

Aim for only limited social change but target everyone

49
Q

Revolutionary movement

A

Seek the transformation of an entire society

50
Q

Resource mobilization theory

A

variety of resources are necessary to start a social movement. People only participate when they feel the movement has access to these resources

51
Q

Relative deprivation theory

A

People who are discounted when they compare achievements

Sociolgy (6 decks)

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