Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociolgy > 6, 7, 9 > Flashcards

6, 7, 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Social interaction

A

The process by which people act and react to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Social structure

A

The way in which society is organized into predictable relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Status

A

A social position that a person holds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Status set

A

Refers to all the statuses a person holds at a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scribed status

A

Refers to a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life. Ex: disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Achieved status

A

Refers to a social position that a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort. Ex: college degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Master status

A

A status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Subordinate status

A

A status that does not dominate a relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Status symbol

A

A material sign that informs others of a person’s specific status. Ex: wedding ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Role

A

Behavior expected of someone who holds a specific status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prescribed role

A

The set of expectations about how a person should behave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role performance

A

How a person actually carries out a role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role conflict

A

Conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Role set

A

An array of roles attached to one particular status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Role restrain

A

Tension among the roles connected to a single status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exchange

A

An interaction in which two individuals offer each other something in order to obtain a reward in return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cooperation

A

An interaction in which two or more individuals work together to achieve a goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oppositional interactions

A

Interactions in which the participants treat each other as competitors or enemies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Competition

A

Interaction in which two individuals follow mutually accepted rules, trying to achieve the same goal before the other does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Conflict

A

Two individuals disregard any rules in an effort to reach the same goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

People actively interpret each other’s actions and reactions and behave in accordance with the interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Three types of social interactions

A

Oppositional
Supportive
Symbolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Social Construction of Reality

A

The process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thomas Theorem

A

The idea that situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences.
Includes self-fulfilling prophecy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ethnomethodology

A

The study of the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dramaturgical analysis

A

The study of the social interaction in terms of theatrical performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Frontstage vs backstage

A

Outward performance is frontstage and inward feelings is backstage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Kinesics

A

Refers to the use of body movements as means of communication(body language)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Proxemics

A

Refers to the use of space as a means of communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Three functions of non verbal communication

A

Supplements verbal communication
Regulates social interactions
Establishes the relationship among people in terms of their power over one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Genderlects

A

Linguistic styles that reflect the different worlds of men and women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Social group

A

Two or more people who identify with and interact with one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Social aggregates

A

Refers to a number of people who happen to be in one place but do not intereact with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Social categories

A

Refers to a number of people who have something in common but neither interact with one another nor gather in one place

35
Q

Primary group

A

Refers to a small social group whose members share personal and lasting relationships

36
Q

Secondary group

A

Refers to a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity

37
Q

Instrumental leadership

A

Refers to group leadership that focuses on the completion of tasks

38
Q

Expressive leadership

A

Group leadership that focuses on the group’s well-being

39
Q

Three major leadership styles

A

Authoritarian
Democratic
Laissez-Faire

40
Q

Authoritarian leaders

A

People who make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members

41
Q

Democratic leaders

A

Encourages group discussion and decision making through consensus building

42
Q

Laissez-Faire leaders

A

only minimally involved in decision making and who encourage group members to make their own decisions

43
Q

Idiosyncrasy credit

A

The privilege that allows leaders to deviate from their group’s norms

44
Q

Conformity

A

Refers to the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with norms established by a society, subculture, or other group

45
Q

Obedience

A

defined as compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure

46
Q

Groupthink

A

The tendency of group members to conform, resulting in a narrow view of some issue

47
Q

In-group

A

A social group toward which a person feels respect and loyalty

48
Q

Out-group

A

A social group which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition

49
Q

Reference group

A

A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions

50
Q

Normative effect

A

Occurs in the reference group when the members share the same view of themselves

51
Q

Comparison effect

A

Occurs when one sees oneself in comparison to another

52
Q

Association effect

A

Occurs when one is pleased to be associated with members of a group

53
Q

Dyad

A

A social group with two members

54
Q

Triad

A

A social group with three member

55
Q

Formal organizations

A

Large secondary groups organized to achieve their goals efficiently

56
Q

Three types of formal organizations

A

Coercive
Utilitarian
Normative

57
Q

Coercive organizations

A

Consists of a majority of involuntary members. Members are tightly controlled by a physical force. There is strict rules and regulations.
Jails

58
Q

Utilitarian organization

A

Groups of individuals join in order to review monetary rewards or some other benefit

59
Q

Normative organizations

A

Consists of voluntary members. Individuals join these organizations based on shared goals

60
Q

Bureaucracy

A

An organization model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

61
Q

Defiende

A

Refers to the recogniZed violation of cultural norms. Can be good or bad

62
Q

Three main functions of deviance

A

Clarifies rules
Unites groups
Promotes social change

63
Q

Disintegrative shaming

A

The process by which the wrongdoer is punished in such a way as to be rejected, stigmatized, or ostracized

64
Q

Reintegrative shaming

A

The process that involves wrong-doers feel guilt while showing them understanding, forgiveness, or even respect.

65
Q

Differential association theory

A

States that people have greater tendency to deviate from social norms when they frequently associate with individuals who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity

66
Q

Labeling theory

A

The idea that deviance and conformity results not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions.

67
Q

Primary deviance

A

Occurs when a person violates norms for the first time and doesn’t consider the behavior deviant

68
Q

Secondary deviance

A

Refers to repeated norm violations that the rule violator recognizes as deviant

69
Q

Phenomenological theory

A

Studies people’s subjectivity and how deviants tend to see themselves and their deviance in a positive way

70
Q

Social control

A

Attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts

71
Q

Informal social control

A

People casually enforce norms. Ex. Spanking

72
Q

Internal social control

A

Look up def

73
Q

Criminal justice system

A

Refers to the organization that responds to alleged violations of the law

74
Q

Law

A

Refers to government social control

75
Q

Civil law vs criminal law

A

Civil- deals with disputes among persons or groups

Criminal- deals with public safety and well being

76
Q

Victimless Crime

A

The willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services.

77
Q

White collar crime

A

Refers to crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations

78
Q

Corporate crime

A

Refers to illegal actions of corporation or people acting on its behalf

79
Q

Retribution

A

An act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime

80
Q

Social protection

A

Rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution

81
Q

Functions of punishment

A

Retribution
Social protection
Rehabilitation
Deterrence

82
Q

Rehabilitation

A

A program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses

83
Q

Deterrence

A

The attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment

Sociolgy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions