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Sociolgy > Chp. 8 & 13 > Flashcards

Chp. 8 & 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Sex

A

Biological distinction between females and males

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2
Q

Gender

A

Personal traits and social positions that members of society attach to being male or female

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3
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Organs used for reproduction, namely, the genitals

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4
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Bodily differences apart from the genitals, that distinguish biologically mature females and males

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5
Q

Objectification

A

The process whereby some people treat other individuals as if they were objects or things, not human beings

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6
Q

Gender stratification

A

Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women

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7
Q

Gender roles

A

Attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex

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8
Q

Sexual orientation

A

Refers to a person’s romantic and emotional attraction to another person.

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9
Q

Homophobic

A

Discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual

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10
Q

Intersexual people

A

Human beings with some combination of female and male characteristics

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11
Q

Transexuals

A

People who feel they are one sex even though biologically they are the other

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12
Q

Transgender

A

Broad concept that refers to appearing or behaving in ways that challenge conventional cultural norms concerning how females and males should look and act

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13
Q

Body consciousness

A

How a person perceives and feels about his or her body

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14
Q

Anorexia

A

A person has lost at least 25% of body weight due to a compulsive fear of becoming fat

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15
Q

Bulimia

A

A person binges by consuming large quantities of food and then purges the food by induced vomiting, excessive exercise, laxatives or fasting

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16
Q

Obesity

A

Individuals are 20% or more above their desirable weight, as established by the medical profession

17
Q

Sexism

A

The belief that one sex is innately superior than the other

18
Q

Sexual harassment

A

Comments, gestures, or physical contacts of sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome.

19
Q

Gender bias

A

Behavior that shows favoritism toward one gender over the other

20
Q

Pay gap

A

The disparity between women’s and men’s earnings

21
Q

Second shift

A

Work outside the home followed by child care and house work

22
Q

Feminism

A

The support of social equality for women and men, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism

23
Q

Pay equity

A

The belief that wages ought to reflect the worth of the job, not the gender or race of the worker

24
Q

Instrumentality

A

Emphasis on tasks, a focus on more distant goals, and a concern for relationship between one’s family and social institutions

25
Q

Expressiveness

A

Concern for harmony and internal affairs of the family

26
Q

Age stratification

A

The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege among people at different stages of the life course

27
Q

Ageism

A

Prejudice and discrimination against older people

28
Q

Senescence

A

The natural physical process of aging. The body gradually wears down and we lose our ability to fight off diseases

29
Q

Disengagement theory

A

The idea that society functions in an orderly way be removing people from positions of responsibility as they reach old age

30
Q

Activity theory

A

The idea that a high level of activity increases personal satisfaction in old age

31
Q

Euthanasia

A

Assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease

32
Q

Bereavement

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining/negotiation 
Depression/resignation 
Acceptance
33
Q

Family

A

Social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children

34
Q

Family of orientation

A

The family in which one grows up, consisting of oneself and one’s parents and siblings

35
Q

Family of procrearon

A

The family that one establishes through marriage, consisting of oneself and one’s spouse and children

36
Q

Nuclear family

A

Composed of one or two parents and their children

37
Q

Extended family

A

Composed of parents and children, as well as other kin

38
Q

Marriage

A

A legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing

39
Q

Serial monogamy

A

A person may have several spouse in his or her life, but only one spouse at a time

Sociolgy (6 decks)

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