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Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

“Father of Psychology”

Introspection; Asked patients to describe their feelings

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2
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

investigates the conscious and unconscious mind (sounded unscientific)
freud

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3
Q

Nerve Cell Atanomy

A

Axon carries information&raquo_space; Axon Terminals form bonds&raquo_space; Soma (cell body) preforms basic activities&raquo_space; Denderites

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4
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between Neuron

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5
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Carry messages across synapse

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6
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous system

A

Central is the spine and brain, peripheral connects the central to the rest of the body

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7
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous systems

A

Somatic is voluntary movement, autonomic is involuntary

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8
Q

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous systems

A

Sympathetic is in response to stress, and parasympathetic is calming the body afterward

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of movement, some attention to memory

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10
Q

Medulla

A

Heartbeat, breath, swallowing

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11
Q

Limbic System

A

The four “f”s, fleeting, fighting, feeding, and f*cking

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Steadiness in bodily functions, homeostasis

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13
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory, spital and long-term

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14
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotions; mostly fear; fight or flight

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15
Q

Thalmus

A

Takes sensory processes and sends them to be processed

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16
Q

Four lobes

A

Optical (sight), Temporal (hearing processes), Parental (touch and perception), Frontal (advanced functions

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17
Q

Bottom-up vs. Top-down processing

A

Bottom up is no influence, top down is experienced

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18
Q

Absolute Threshold

Difference Threshold

A

Minimum level of stimulus for you to detect it half the time

It’s proportional to the amount of stimulus present initially

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19
Q

Retina

A

The rear section of eye, send information to the optic nerve. Contains rods and cones

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20
Q

Rods vs. Cones

A 
Rods = receptor cells that detect grey and low light
Cones = detect color when light is plentifu
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21
Q

Trigonometric vs. Opponent Process Theories

A

Trigonometric says that cones are specialized to wavelength and color
Opponent says your visual system is specialized to see specific pairs of colors

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22
Q

Cochlea

A

In the ear; sprial, fluid-filled, sends sound waves to brain via the auditory nerve

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23
Q

Olflication
Gustation
Kinesthetic
Vestibular

A

smell
taste
position
balance

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24
Q

Information Processesing Model

A

Model of memory

1) encoding 2) storage 3) retrival

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25
Traditional Three-Stage Memory Model
Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory | 1) sensory register 2) short-term memory 3) long-term memory
26
Explicit Memory Semantic Memory Episodic Memory Flashbulb
you know you know it) facts you learn firsthand experiences Vivid of an emotional event
27
Implicit vs. Procedural Memory
``` Implicit = You are consciously aware you know about it Procedural = learned habits, ex. walking ```
28
Pavlov
doggies
29
Aquisition
The moment the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned
30
Operant Conditioning
Learning where the strength of the behavior is reinforced through punishment
31
Latent Learning
Learning that happens but cant be observed
32
Insight
Finding a solution by understanding (not trial and error)
33
Cognition
What your brain does with information
34
Algorithm
Formula method of problem-solving
35
Heuristic
An educated guess
36
Functional Fixedness
the cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used
37
Partial vs. Successful Intelligence
Practical intelligence is needed to use the ideas and their analysis in an effective way in one's everyday life. Successful intelligence is most effective when it balances all three of its analytical, creative, and practical aspects
38
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
Bodily-Kinesthetic (bodily movement), IntrApersonal (yourself), Interpersonal (others), naturalistic (nature), logical-mathematical, musical, spacial
39
Maslows Heigharacy of Needs
1. Primary/Psychological (food, sex) 2. Saftey 3. Belonging and love 4. Self Esteem 5. Self Actualization (becoming your full potential) +6. Self Transcendental (religious)
40
James-Lang Theory of Emotion Cannon-Bard Schacter-Singer Cognitive-Apprisal theory
1. You have the body reaction then have the feeling 2. Feeling and reaction are at the same time 3. You have a body reaction and label it as a feeling 4. Thought about stimuli produces a feeling
41
6 Basic Facial Expressions
Disgust, fear, sadness, anger, happiness, surprise
42
Schema
A concept or representation that guides the way someone processes new information
43
Association and Accommodation
Making sense of new information by sorting it into schemas | Making new Schemas
44
Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor (0-2)- using senses to understand world Proportional (2-7)- Use of language but limited mental cap. Concrete Opp. (7-11)- able to think logically, not abstractly Formal Opp. (11-+)- Logically and Abstractly
45
Ainsworth Attachment styles
Secure attachment- stable, well adjusted Insecure avoidant- fear, based on rejection Insecure resistant- separation anxiety, was not warm to mothers return Disorganized- confused
46
Parenting styles
Authoritarian- strict Permissive- minimal demand Authoritative- selective rules
47
Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning
Preconventional Morality- choices driven by award/punishment conventional- driven by social norms and laws postconventional- fundamental rights and ethical principals
48
Erikson's 8 Psychological Studies
``` Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. shame and doubt initiative vs. guilt industry vs. inferiority identity vs. role confusion intimacy vs. isolation generativity vs. stagnation ego integrity vs. despair ```
49
Acculturation Strategies
Assimilation - adopting new, rejecting old Separation - Retains old, rejects new Marginalization - rejecting both Integration - using both
50
Primary vs. Secondary Appraisal
The way you evaluate things primary - determining how stressful secondary - how compatible you are with dealing with it
51
General Adaption Syndrome
An understanding of the way bodies adapt to stress | Alarm > resistance > exhaustion
52
Id, Ego, and Super Ego
Id - pleasure principle, instant gratification Ego - reality, delayed gratification Super Ego - moral principle, denial of gratification, tries to balance ego and id
53
Five-factor model
Neuroticism, extraversion, conceitedness, agreeableness, openness to experience
54
Attribution, theory and error
Explanation of the cause of the behavior is caused by personal traits or the situation error, overestimating the significance of traits and underestimating the situation
55
Cognitive Dissonance
Discomfort from having one attitude that contradicts another
56
Attraction: Proximity and mere exposure, physical attractiveness, similarity, reciprocal liking
Proximity - physical closeness causes emotional closeness physical attractiveness - men and women looking for the different things similarity - opposites don't attract, more like birds of a feather flock together reciprocal liking - the act of a person feeling an attraction to someone only upon learning or becoming aware of that person's attraction to themselves
57
What makes something abnormal?
How infrequent how much it deviates from social norms personal distress impairment from daily function
58
Flat Effect
Lacking correct emotions
59
Dissociative Disorders
loses awareness of the essential parts of self diss. identity (did) - two or more personalities diss, amnesia - unable to recall important info diss. fugue - unexplained travel
60
Personality Disorders
Patterns of inflexible behavior Borderline - instability in life and relationships Antisocial - disregard for other peoples rights
61
Psychodynamic theory (4)
Psychoanalysis - where the main goal is to make the unconscious conscious Free association - the technique by saying whatever comes to mind without censoring Dream analysis - attempting to find meaning in dream restiance- blocking awareness of anxiety-provoking topics
62
Cognitive Distortions
irrational thinking all-or-nothing - all good or all bad overgeneralization catastrophizing
63
Evidence-Based Practice
The therapist makes choices based on three factors research evidence therapist expertise client characteristics

Psy 101 (4 decks)

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