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Psy 101 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

“Father of Psychology”

Introspection; Asked patients to describe their feelings

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2
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

investigates the conscious and unconscious mind (sounded unscientific)
freud

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3
Q

Nerve Cell Atanomy

A

Axon carries information&raquo_space; Axon Terminals form bonds&raquo_space; Soma (cell body) preforms basic activities&raquo_space; Denderites

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4
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between Neuron

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5
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Carry messages across synapse

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6
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous system

A

Central is the spine and brain, peripheral connects the central to the rest of the body

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7
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous systems

A

Somatic is voluntary movement, autonomic is involuntary

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8
Q

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous systems

A

Sympathetic is in response to stress, and parasympathetic is calming the body afterward

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9
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of movement, some attention to memory

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10
Q

Medulla

A

Heartbeat, breath, swallowing

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11
Q

Limbic System

A

The four “f”s, fleeting, fighting, feeding, and f*cking

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Steadiness in bodily functions, homeostasis

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13
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory, spital and long-term

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14
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotions; mostly fear; fight or flight

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15
Q

Thalmus

A

Takes sensory processes and sends them to be processed

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16
Q

Four lobes

A

Optical (sight), Temporal (hearing processes), Parental (touch and perception), Frontal (advanced functions

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17
Q

Bottom-up vs. Top-down processing

A

Bottom up is no influence, top down is experienced

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18
Q

Absolute Threshold

Difference Threshold

A

Minimum level of stimulus for you to detect it half the time

It’s proportional to the amount of stimulus present initially

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19
Q

Retina

A

The rear section of eye, send information to the optic nerve. Contains rods and cones

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20
Q

Rods vs. Cones

A 
Rods = receptor cells that detect grey and low light
Cones = detect color when light is plentifu
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21
Q

Trigonometric vs. Opponent Process Theories

A

Trigonometric says that cones are specialized to wavelength and color
Opponent says your visual system is specialized to see specific pairs of colors

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22
Q

Cochlea

A

In the ear; sprial, fluid-filled, sends sound waves to brain via the auditory nerve

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23
Q

Olflication
Gustation
Kinesthetic
Vestibular

A

smell
taste
position
balance

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24
Q

Information Processesing Model

A

Model of memory

1) encoding 2) storage 3) retrival

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25
Q

Traditional Three-Stage Memory Model

A

Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory

1) sensory register 2) short-term memory 3) long-term memory

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26
Q

Explicit Memory
Semantic Memory
Episodic Memory
Flashbulb

A

you know you know it)
facts you learn
firsthand experiences
Vivid of an emotional event

27
Q

Implicit vs. Procedural Memory

A 
Implicit = You are consciously aware you know about it
Procedural = learned habits, ex. walking
28
Q

Pavlov

A

doggies

29
Q

Aquisition

A

The moment the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned

30
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Learning where the strength of the behavior is reinforced through punishment

31
Q

Latent Learning

A

Learning that happens but cant be observed

32
Q

Insight

A

Finding a solution by understanding (not trial and error)

33
Q

Cognition

A

What your brain does with information

34
Q

Algorithm

A

Formula method of problem-solving

35
Q

Heuristic

A

An educated guess

36
Q

Functional Fixedness

A

the cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used

37
Q

Partial vs. Successful Intelligence

A

Practical intelligence is needed to use the ideas and their analysis in an effective way in one’s everyday life. Successful intelligence is most effective when it balances all three of its analytical, creative, and practical aspects

38
Q

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

A

Bodily-Kinesthetic (bodily movement), IntrApersonal (yourself), Interpersonal (others), naturalistic (nature), logical-mathematical, musical, spacial

39
Q

Maslows Heigharacy of Needs

A
  1. Primary/Psychological (food, sex)
  2. Saftey
  3. Belonging and love
  4. Self Esteem
  5. Self Actualization (becoming your full potential)
    +6. Self Transcendental (religious)
40
Q

James-Lang Theory of Emotion
Cannon-Bard
Schacter-Singer
Cognitive-Apprisal theory

A
  1. You have the body reaction then have the feeling
  2. Feeling and reaction are at the same time
  3. You have a body reaction and label it as a feeling
  4. Thought about stimuli produces a feeling
41
Q

6 Basic Facial Expressions

A

Disgust, fear, sadness, anger, happiness, surprise

42
Q

Schema

A

A concept or representation that guides the way someone processes new information

43
Q

Association and Accommodation

A

Making sense of new information by sorting it into schemas

Making new Schemas

44
Q

Stages of Cognitive Development

A

Sensorimotor (0-2)- using senses to understand world
Proportional (2-7)- Use of language but limited mental cap.
Concrete Opp. (7-11)- able to think logically, not abstractly
Formal Opp. (11-+)- Logically and Abstractly

45
Q

Ainsworth Attachment styles

A

Secure attachment- stable, well adjusted
Insecure avoidant- fear, based on rejection
Insecure resistant- separation anxiety, was not warm to mothers return
Disorganized- confused

46
Q

Parenting styles

A

Authoritarian- strict
Permissive- minimal demand
Authoritative- selective rules

47
Q

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning

A

Preconventional Morality- choices driven by award/punishment
conventional- driven by social norms and laws
postconventional- fundamental rights and ethical principals

48
Q

Erikson’s 8 Psychological Studies

A 
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
generativity vs. stagnation
ego integrity vs. despair
49
Q

Acculturation Strategies

A

Assimilation - adopting new, rejecting old
Separation - Retains old, rejects new
Marginalization - rejecting both
Integration - using both

50
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Appraisal

A

The way you evaluate things
primary - determining how stressful
secondary - how compatible you are with dealing with it

51
Q

General Adaption Syndrome

A

An understanding of the way bodies adapt to stress

Alarm > resistance > exhaustion

52
Q

Id, Ego, and Super Ego

A

Id - pleasure principle, instant gratification
Ego - reality, delayed gratification
Super Ego - moral principle, denial of gratification, tries to balance ego and id

53
Q

Five-factor model

A

Neuroticism, extraversion, conceitedness, agreeableness, openness to experience

54
Q

Attribution, theory and error

A

Explanation of the cause of the behavior
is caused by personal traits or the situation
error, overestimating the significance of traits and underestimating the situation

55
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Discomfort from having one attitude that contradicts another

56
Q

Attraction: Proximity and mere exposure, physical attractiveness, similarity, reciprocal liking

A

Proximity - physical closeness causes emotional closeness
physical attractiveness - men and women looking for the different things
similarity - opposites don’t attract, more like birds of a feather flock together
reciprocal liking - the act of a person feeling an attraction to someone only upon learning or becoming aware of that person’s attraction to themselves

57
Q

What makes something abnormal?

A

How infrequent
how much it deviates from social norms
personal distress
impairment from daily function

58
Q

Flat Effect

A

Lacking correct emotions

59
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

loses awareness of the essential parts of self
diss. identity (did) - two or more personalities
diss, amnesia - unable to recall important info
diss. fugue - unexplained travel

60
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Patterns of inflexible behavior
Borderline - instability in life and relationships
Antisocial - disregard for other peoples rights

61
Q

Psychodynamic theory (4)

A

Psychoanalysis - where the main goal is to make the unconscious conscious
Free association - the technique by saying whatever comes to mind without censoring
Dream analysis - attempting to find meaning in dream
restiance- blocking awareness of anxiety-provoking topics

62
Q

Cognitive Distortions

A

irrational thinking
all-or-nothing - all good or all bad
overgeneralization
catastrophizing

63
Q

Evidence-Based Practice

A

The therapist makes choices based on three factors
research evidence
therapist expertise
client characteristics

Psy 101 (4 decks)

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