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Psy 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

Unpleasant reaction to an event perceived as challenging

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2
Q

Fight-or-Flight Response

A

if you don’t know what this is then why are you in this class

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3
Q

Stressor

A

What YOU perceive as challenging

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4
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Appraisal

A

The way you evaluate things
primary - determining how stressful
secondary - how compatible you are with dealing with it

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5
Q

Health Psychology

A

Study of health, illness, and healthcare

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6
Q

General Adaption Syndrome

A

An understanding of the way bodies adapt to stress

Alarm > resistance > exhaustion

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7
Q

Psychological Illnesses

A

Affect mood, thinking, and behavior

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8
Q

Personality types

A

A - hostile, competitive, high drive
B - Easy, relaxed, never angry
C - Low expression, agreeable, helpless
D - Highly negative, depression (etc), never opens

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9
Q

PTSD, acute stress disorder

A

Lasts at least a month afterward

Acute; days and weeks after

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10
Q

Problem-focused vs. Emotion-focused coping

A

How to deal with stress

changing the stressor vs. changing the emotional reaction

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11
Q

Hardiness

A

Behaviors that reflect resilience

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12
Q

Optimism

A

An attitude toward the future, hope, and expectation of a positive outcome

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13
Q

Personality

A

A distinctive way of thinking, feeling, and acting

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14
Q

Sigmund Freud on Personality

A

He said it developed during childhood, and that the Id is the only thing present at birth

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15
Q

Freudian Slip

A

Mistakes revealing unconscious thoughts

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16
Q

Id, Ego, and Super Ego

A

Id - pleasure principle, instant gratification
Ego - reality, delayed gratification
Super Ego - moral principle, denial of gratification, tries to balance ego and id

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17
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

Repression - Hides Id
Denial - Blocks out events
Displacement - Putting the Id impulse on a different target
Sublimation - Using your Id impulse to benefit others

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18
Q

Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

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19
Q

Fixation

A

Lingering Psychological problems due to an unsuccessful stage of development

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20
Q

Oedipus and Electra Complexes

A

Wanting to be close with the parent of the opposite gender and then failing so you resort to your own gender p much

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21
Q

Carl Rodgers and the Humanistic Theory of Personality

A

Inherent tendencies go toward happy and healthy goals,, self-actualization

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22
Q

Positive regard and Conditions of Worth

A

Positive regard - love, acceptance, prizing

Conditions of worth - requirements to obtain positive regard (maybe harmful)

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23
Q

Real vs. Ideal self

A

How you are vs. what you want to be (self-actualized)

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24
Q

Self-concept

A

View of yourself

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25
Q

Incongruence vs. Congruence

A

When you real and ideal self don’t match and cause mental issues vs. when they do

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26
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

Three factors that all influence each other

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27
Q

Five-factor model

A

Neuroticism, extraversion, conceitedness, agreeableness, openness to experience

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28
Q

Objective Personality test vs. MMPI-2

A

Standardized questions vs. focusing on mental disorders

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29
Q

Social Psychology and Social Cognition

A

How people think and interact,, how people think about each other

30
Q

Attribution, theory and error

A

Explanation of the cause of the behavior
is caused by personal traits or the situation
error, overestimating the significance of traits and underestimating the situation

31
Q

Attitude

A

Viewpoint, thoughts and emotions, that influence how you think
Actions predict attitudes

32
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Discomfort from having one attitude that contradicts another

33
Q

Solomon Asch and Conformity and Obedience

A

changes in behavior to match the group

changes in behavior to please authority

34
Q

Social Facilitation, loafing, and dediviatation

A
  • Increase of performance when others around
  • the decrease in performance when other people are around
  • loss of identity when working in groups that leads to atypical behavior
35
Q

Groupthink

A

groups that value getting along over finding the best answer

36
Q

Prejudice, stereotype, discrimination

A
  • Negative attitude at group after knowing group members
  • the applied generalization to group
  • action based on the above
37
Q

Ingroup vs. Outgroup

A

The “us” vs. the “them”

38
Q

Aggression

A

Behavior intended to cause any form of harm

39
Q

Attraction: Proximity and mere exposure, physical attractiveness, similarity, reciprocal liking

A

Proximity - physical closeness causes emotional closeness
physical attractiveness - men and women looking for the different things
similarity - opposites don’t attract, more like birds of a feather flock together
reciprocal liking - the act of a person feeling an attraction to someone only upon learning or becoming aware of that person’s attraction to themselves

40
Q

Altruism

A

Complete selflessness for others

41
Q

Bystander effect and Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Bystander - less likely to help if other people were there\

Diffusion - less likely to help if more better-equiped people are there

42
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

A pattern of behavior that causes distress and dysfunction

43
Q

Medical Student Syndrome

A

Thinking you have the disease you’re reading about

44
Q

What makes something abnormal?

A

How infrequent
how much it deviates from social norms
personal distress
impairment from daily function

45
Q

Theories of Abnormality

A

Biological - genes
Psychological - emotions, thoughts, behaviors**
Sociocultural - social factors
Biophsycological - combines them all

46
Q

Anxiety Disorders (4)

A

General (GAD) - general anxiety everywhere
panic - sudden unpredictable bursts
specific phobia - fear of one thing
social - fear of some cases of being judged

47
Q

OCD

A

Unwanted repetitive thoughts and uncontrollable actions in response

48
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Lasts at least two weeks

49
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

the fluctuation between depression and mania

50
Q

Eating Disorders

A
51
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Bizzare disturbances in thinking and acting

52
Q

Flat Effect

A

Lacking correct emotions

53
Q

ADHD

A

hyperactivity and attention issues

54
Q

Autism spectrum

A

Rigid behavior and social deficits

55
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

loses awareness of the essential parts of self
diss. identity (did) - two or more personalities
diss, amnesia - unable to recall important info
diss. fugue - unexplained travel

56
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Patterns of inflexible behavior
Borderline - instability in life and relationships
Antisocial - disregard for other peoples rights

57
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Professionals helping people get over psychological disorders

58
Q

Psychodynamic theory (4)

A

Psychoanalysis - where the main goal is to make the unconscious conscious
Free association - the technique by saying whatever comes to mind without censoring
Dream analysis - attempting to find meaning in dream
restiance- blocking awareness of anxiety-provoking topics

59
Q

Transference

A

Projecting what you’ve learned in the past with people onto your therapist

60
Q

Person-Centered Therapy (Carl Rodgers)

A

The tendency of a person to strive for self-actualization
positive regard - praise
genuineness - the realness of the therapist

61
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

Application of operant and classical conditioning

uses exposure therapy

62
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

Changing the way you think about life events

63
Q

Cognitive Distortions

A

irrational thinking
all-or-nothing - all good or all bad
overgeneralization
catastrophizing

64
Q

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

A

uses logical thinking and conditioning to change behavior

65
Q

Eclectic Approach to Therapy

A

selecting the best treatment based on studies and past cases

66
Q

Integrative approach to Therapy

A

blending styles and techniques

67
Q

Group Therapy - Self Help groups

A

based on group interaction vs. led without a professional

68
Q

Evidence-Based Practice

A

The therapist makes choices based on three factors
research evidence
therapist expertise
client characteristics

69
Q

Theapractric Alliance

A

a trusting and working relationship between therapist and client

70
Q

Biomedical Therapy

A

Directly altering the brain

71
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

When an electric current is passed through the brain

72
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

For depression; a weak electric current passes through the head

Psy 101 (4 decks)

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