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Psy 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Chapters 1-5

1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

“Father of Psychology”

Introspection; Asked patients to describe their feelings

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2
Q

Freud

A

Psychoanalysis; investigates the conscious and unconscious mind (sounded unscientific)

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3
Q

Behaviorism

A

Emphasized observable behavior over mental processes (because behavior can be measured, feelings can’t as easily) (good for animals)

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4
Q

Humanism

A

States that human nature is generally good and people are normally motived to be the best they can be.
“Self-actualize”

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5
Q

Biological/Neuroscience

A

The link between behavior and biological function

Uses computers to see brain activity

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6
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Study of the inside of the mind; how we acquire and use information

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7
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Meant to help people flourish

Focuses on health and reaction to their success

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8
Q

Multiculturalism/sociocultural

A

Influence of culture (shared lifestyle with those around you). This is more than just race

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9
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution as an influence on behavior; explains behaviors we do as linked to things we used to need to do to survive

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10
Q

Biopsychological Psychology

A

Combines all theories and shows how they all interact to make who we are as humans

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11
Q

Hypothesis vs. Theory

A

A hypothesis is an educated guess for an experiment. The theory is our explanation for probably why something happens

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12
Q

Random Assignment

A

Subjects are randomly assigned into groups

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13
Q

Independent vs. Dependent Variables

A

Independent is manipulated, dependent changes because of that

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14
Q

Experimental vs. Control Groups

A

Experimental gets the change, control has no changes

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15
Q

Case Study

A

A case study is a descriptive and exploratory analysis of a person, group or event

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16
Q

Nerve Cell Atanomy

A

Axon carries information&raquo_space; Axon Terminals form bonds&raquo_space; Soma (cell body) preforms basic activities&raquo_space; Denderites

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17
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between Neurons

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18
Q

Action Potential

A

High energy release through a neuron

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19
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Carry messages across synapse

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20
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous system

A

Central is the spine and brain, peripheral connects the central to the rest of the body

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21
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous systems

A

Somatic is voluntary movement, autonomic is involuntary

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22
Q

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous systems

A

Sympathetic is in response to stress, and parasympathetic is calming the body afterward

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23
Q

Brain Plasticity

A

The brains’ ability to shift how much of itself it dedicates to different bodily functions

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24
Q

Brainstem

A

Controls 24/7 functions, and other things such as reproduction, swallowing, and vomiting

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of movement, some attention to memory

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26
Q

Medulla

A

Heartbeat, breath, swallowing

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27
Q

Limbic System

A

The four “f”s, fleeting, fighting, feeding, and f*cking

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28
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Steadiness in bodily functions, homeostasis

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29
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory, spital and long-term

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30
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotions; mostly fear; fight or flight

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31
Q

Thalmus

A

Takes sensory processes and sends them to be processed

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32
Q

Left and Right hemispheres

A

The left side is logical and controls the right half of the body (reading)
The right side is creative and controls left (face recognition)

33
Q

Four lobes

A

Optical (sight), Temporal (hearing processes), Parental (touch and perception), Frontal (advanced functions)

34
Q

Motor vs. somatosensory cortex

A

Motor is voluntary movement and somatosensory processes sensory information

35
Q

Bottom-up vs. Top-down processing

A

Bottom up is no influence, top down is experienced

36
Q

Sensation vs. Perception

A

Bottom up vs. Top down

37
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

Minimum level of stimulus for you to detect it half the time

38
Q

Difference Threshold

A

It’s proportional to the amount of stimulus present initially

39
Q

Sensory Adaption

A

How you notice a stimulus less if it stays the same

40
Q

Selective Attention

A

Choosing one sense to pay attention to than others

41
Q

Perceptual Constancies

A

Perceiving things a certain way because of your previous experiences and attention to strategy

42
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Failure to see change because of expectations

43
Q

Retina

A

The rear section of eye, send information to the optic nerve. Contains rods and cones

44
Q

Rods vs. Cones

A 
Rods = receptor cells that detect grey and low light
Cones = detect color when light is plentiful
45
Q

Trigonometric vs. Opponent Process Theories

A

Trigonometric says that cones are specialized to wavelength and color
Opponent says your visual system is specialized to see specific pairs of colors

46
Q

Cochlea

A

In the ear; sprial, fluid-filled, sends sound waves to brain via the auditory nerve

47
Q

Olflication

A

Sense of smell

48
Q

Gustation

A

Sense of taste

49
Q

Kinesthetic

A

Sense of position

50
Q

Vestibular

A

Sense of balance

51
Q

Conscioussness

A

Awareness of self and surroundings

52
Q

Mindfulness

A

Awareness of the moment w/o distraction

53
Q

Cardicuralim Rythms

A

The body’s 24-hour schedule

54
Q

REM sleep

A

Rapid eye movement; when brain activity is high

55
Q

Stages of sleep

A 
1- light sleep
2- a bit deeper, temprature drops
3 & 4- slow-wake deep sleep
REM
repeat
56
Q

Insomnia

A

Not being able to sleep

57
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Passing out on a spur (prolly bc of high emotions)

58
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

When breathing stops and starts when in sleep

59
Q

Drug tolerance vs. withdrawal

A

Tolerance is when doses of a drug no longer have the same effect
Withdral is symptoms from stopping a habit

60
Q

Physical vs. Psychological dependance

A

Needed for body vs. mind to function normally

61
Q

Stimulants

A

Speed up bodily functions

62
Q

Depersants

A

Slow down bodily functions

63
Q

Opiates

A

Pain-reliever (both physical and mental)

64
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Produce weird sesnsations (ex. weed)

65
Q

Memory

A

The process of taking in information and calling it to mind

66
Q

Information Processesing Model

A

Model of memory

1) encoding 2) storage 3) retrival

67
Q

Traditional Three-Stage Memory Model

A

Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory

1) sensory register 2) short-term memory 3) long-term memory

68
Q

STM duration and capacity

A

30 seconds, and 5-9

69
Q

Chunking

A

Learning something in memorable pieces to help it become more commited to memory

70
Q

Matienence vs. Elaborative Rehersal

A 
Matience = Working hands on to learn something
Elaborative = Talking about it and applying it to things to learn
71
Q

Explicit Memory

A

You consciously know this (you know you know it)

72
Q

Semantic Memory

A

For facts that you learn

73
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Memory of personal firsthand experiences

74
Q

Implicit vs. Procedural Memory

A 
Implicit = You are consciously aware you know about it
Procedural = learned habits, ex. walking
75
Q

Flashbulb Memory

A

Vivid memory of an emotional event

76
Q

Serial position effect
and
Primary vs. Renecy effect

A 
SPE = the tendency to learn some last and first items, but not the center ones
Primary = tendency to remember only the start of the list
Renecy = only the end
77
Q

Spacing Effect

A

You learn better in spaced out incraments (don’t cram)

78
Q

Amneisa

A

A head injury that causes memory problems

Psy 101 (4 decks)

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