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Psy 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Chapters 1-5

1
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

“Father of Psychology”

Introspection; Asked patients to describe their feelings

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2
Q

Freud

A

Psychoanalysis; investigates the conscious and unconscious mind (sounded unscientific)

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3
Q

Behaviorism

A

Emphasized observable behavior over mental processes (because behavior can be measured, feelings can’t as easily) (good for animals)

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4
Q

Humanism

A

States that human nature is generally good and people are normally motived to be the best they can be.
“Self-actualize”

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5
Q

Biological/Neuroscience

A

The link between behavior and biological function

Uses computers to see brain activity

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6
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Study of the inside of the mind; how we acquire and use information

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7
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Meant to help people flourish

Focuses on health and reaction to their success

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8
Q

Multiculturalism/sociocultural

A

Influence of culture (shared lifestyle with those around you). This is more than just race

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9
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution as an influence on behavior; explains behaviors we do as linked to things we used to need to do to survive

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10
Q

Biopsychological Psychology

A

Combines all theories and shows how they all interact to make who we are as humans

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11
Q

Hypothesis vs. Theory

A

A hypothesis is an educated guess for an experiment. The theory is our explanation for probably why something happens

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12
Q

Random Assignment

A

Subjects are randomly assigned into groups

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13
Q

Independent vs. Dependent Variables

A

Independent is manipulated, dependent changes because of that

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14
Q

Experimental vs. Control Groups

A

Experimental gets the change, control has no changes

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15
Q

Case Study

A

A case study is a descriptive and exploratory analysis of a person, group or event

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16
Q

Nerve Cell Atanomy

A

Axon carries information&raquo_space; Axon Terminals form bonds&raquo_space; Soma (cell body) preforms basic activities&raquo_space; Denderites

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17
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between Neurons

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18
Q

Action Potential

A

High energy release through a neuron

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19
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Carry messages across synapse

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20
Q

Central vs. Peripheral Nervous system

A

Central is the spine and brain, peripheral connects the central to the rest of the body

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21
Q

Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous systems

A

Somatic is voluntary movement, autonomic is involuntary

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22
Q

Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous systems

A

Sympathetic is in response to stress, and parasympathetic is calming the body afterward

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23
Q

Brain Plasticity

A

The brains’ ability to shift how much of itself it dedicates to different bodily functions

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24
Q

Brainstem

A

Controls 24/7 functions, and other things such as reproduction, swallowing, and vomiting

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25
Cerebellum
Coordination of movement, some attention to memory
26
Medulla
Heartbeat, breath, swallowing
27
Limbic System
The four "f"s, fleeting, fighting, feeding, and f*cking
28
Hypothalamus
Steadiness in bodily functions, homeostasis
29
Hippocampus
Memory, spital and long-term
30
Amygdala
Emotions; mostly fear; fight or flight
31
Thalmus
Takes sensory processes and sends them to be processed
32
Left and Right hemispheres
The left side is logical and controls the right half of the body (reading) The right side is creative and controls left (face recognition)
33
Four lobes
Optical (sight), Temporal (hearing processes), Parental (touch and perception), Frontal (advanced functions)
34
Motor vs. somatosensory cortex
Motor is voluntary movement and somatosensory processes sensory information
35
Bottom-up vs. Top-down processing
Bottom up is no influence, top down is experienced
36
Sensation vs. Perception
Bottom up vs. Top down
37
Absolute Threshold
Minimum level of stimulus for you to detect it half the time
38
Difference Threshold
It's proportional to the amount of stimulus present initially
39
Sensory Adaption
How you notice a stimulus less if it stays the same
40
Selective Attention
Choosing one sense to pay attention to than others
41
Perceptual Constancies
Perceiving things a certain way because of your previous experiences and attention to strategy
42
Inattentional Blindness
Failure to see change because of expectations
43
Retina
The rear section of eye, send information to the optic nerve. Contains rods and cones
44
Rods vs. Cones
``` Rods = receptor cells that detect grey and low light Cones = detect color when light is plentiful ```
45
Trigonometric vs. Opponent Process Theories
Trigonometric says that cones are specialized to wavelength and color Opponent says your visual system is specialized to see specific pairs of colors
46
Cochlea
In the ear; sprial, fluid-filled, sends sound waves to brain via the auditory nerve
47
Olflication
Sense of smell
48
Gustation
Sense of taste
49
Kinesthetic
Sense of position
50
Vestibular
Sense of balance
51
Conscioussness
Awareness of self and surroundings
52
Mindfulness
Awareness of the moment w/o distraction
53
Cardicuralim Rythms
The body's 24-hour schedule
54
REM sleep
Rapid eye movement; when brain activity is high
55
Stages of sleep
``` 1- light sleep 2- a bit deeper, temprature drops 3 & 4- slow-wake deep sleep REM repeat ```
56
Insomnia
Not being able to sleep
57
Narcolepsy
Passing out on a spur (prolly bc of high emotions)
58
Sleep Apnea
When breathing stops and starts when in sleep
59
Drug tolerance vs. withdrawal
Tolerance is when doses of a drug no longer have the same effect Withdral is symptoms from stopping a habit
60
Physical vs. Psychological dependance
Needed for body vs. mind to function normally
61
Stimulants
Speed up bodily functions
62
Depersants
Slow down bodily functions
63
Opiates
Pain-reliever (both physical and mental)
64
Hallucinogens
Produce weird sesnsations (ex. weed)
65
Memory
The process of taking in information and calling it to mind
66
Information Processesing Model
Model of memory | 1) encoding 2) storage 3) retrival
67
Traditional Three-Stage Memory Model
Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory | 1) sensory register 2) short-term memory 3) long-term memory
68
STM duration and capacity
30 seconds, and 5-9
69
Chunking
Learning something in memorable pieces to help it become more commited to memory
70
Matienence vs. Elaborative Rehersal
``` Matience = Working hands on to learn something Elaborative = Talking about it and applying it to things to learn ```
71
Explicit Memory
You consciously know this (you know you know it)
72
Semantic Memory
For facts that you learn
73
Episodic Memory
Memory of personal firsthand experiences
74
Implicit vs. Procedural Memory
``` Implicit = You are consciously aware you know about it Procedural = learned habits, ex. walking ```
75
Flashbulb Memory
Vivid memory of an emotional event
76
Serial position effect and Primary vs. Renecy effect
``` SPE = the tendency to learn some last and first items, but not the center ones Primary = tendency to remember only the start of the list Renecy = only the end ```
77
Spacing Effect
You learn better in spaced out incraments (don't cram)
78
Amneisa
A head injury that causes memory problems

Psy 101 (4 decks)

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