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Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

True or False
When heifers expressed as a percentage of total feedlot placements are above 36%, it is an indication that herd expansion is occurring.

A

False

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2
Q

True or False

The dairy industry is not important in terms of beef production in the U.S.

A

False

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3
Q

True or False

When measuring tenderness in beef, shear force increases as the % Bos indicus influence increases.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False

Visual appraisal is not necessary when selecting cattle to breed.

A

False

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5
Q

True or False

EPDs do not change overtime

A

False

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6
Q

True or False

Most genetic progress in herds that retain their own females is made through sire selection.

A

True

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7
Q

True or False

Crossbreeding Angus x Hereford results in the same percentage of heterosis as 1/2 Angus x 1/4 Hereford x 1/4 Simmental.

A

True

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8
Q

True or False

There is an inverse relationship between heritability and heterosis

A

True

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9
Q

How many months would it take for a producer to obtain their first revenue from developing a replacement heifer?

a. 12-14
b. 20-24
c. 28-30
d. 36-38

A

c. 28-30

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10
Q

Currently, annual feed cost per cow is approximately?

a. $125 - 250/ year
b. $350 - 450/ year
c. $600 - 700/ year
d. $1,000 - 1,200/ year

A

c. $600 - 700/ year

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11
Q

Which of the following breeds does not have Bos indicus influence?

a. Brangus
b. Maine Anjou
c. Santa Gertrudis
d. Beefmaster

A

b. Maine Anjou

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12
Q

When appraising cattle, width of base is used as an indicator of _____?

a. Muscle
b. Bone
c. Fat
d. Capacity

A

a. Muscle

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13
Q

_____ is the ability for a mature female to maintain body condition while in lactation.

a. Depth of body
b. Maternal instincts
c. Milking ability
d. Fleshing ability

A

d. Fleshing ability

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14
Q

For a cow-calf operation selling feeder calves compared to retained ownership, which index EPD would be the most important to consider?

a. Cow energy index
b. Feedlot value index
c. Gridlot value index
d. Beef value index

A

b. Feedlot value index

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15
Q

In this mating system, all calves are marketed, and no replacements are saved.

a. Composite
b. Crossbreeding
c. Seedstock
d. Terminal

A

d. Terminal

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16
Q

The 3 major uses for corn produced in the U.S. are _____, _____, and _____.

A

Biofuel
Livestock feed
Human consumption

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17
Q

Animal performance = _____ + _____

A

Genetics

Environment

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18
Q

$value indexes are in reference to _____ EPDs.

A

Economic

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19
Q

True or False

This cows that gain weight after calving have improved conception rates - but they are still not optimal

A

True

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20
Q

True or False

MGA is cleared for use in lactating cows, but not in heifers.

A

False

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21
Q

True or False

Beef cattle with a BCS of 5, 6, and 7 are considered in optimal condition

A

True

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22
Q

True or False

Winter feeding represents the largest portion of the annual nutrient cost on cow-calf operation

A

True

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23
Q

True or False
It is not important to yes the mineral content of water on your pasture when designing a nutrient supplementation program

A

False

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24
Q

True or False

Frequency of grazing affects plant vigor

A

True

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25
Q

True or False

Forage availability is a good indicator of forage quality

A

False

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26
Q

What is the maximum number of days that should elapse from calving to conception to maintain a yearly calving interval?

a. 83
b. 120
c. 94
d. 160

A

a. 83

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27
Q

It is recommended that dietary fat content not exceed 5 to 6% (on a dry matter basis) in diets for beef cattle because fat can _____?

a. Provide excessive energy
b. Reduce protein utilization
c. Compromise ovarian function
d. Compromise fiber digestion

A

d. Compromise fiber digestion

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28
Q

Which 2 nutrients are the costliest to provide?

a. Energy and Protein
b. Water and Protein
c. Minerals and Vitamins
d. All are equal

A

a. Energy and protein

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29
Q

Using TDN % the rule of thumb for meeting energy requirements of cows is 55-60-65. At which stage of gestation is TDN content recommended to be at least 55%?

a. Late gestation
b. Early lactation
c. Mid-gestation
d. The whole gestation period

A

c. Mid-gestation

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30
Q

Beef cattle cannot graze on slope grades greater than _____%

a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40

31
Q

Growth of cool season (C3) grasses occurs in _____?

a. Mid-winter
b. Early-fall
c. Mid-summer
d. None of the above

A

b. Early-fall

32
Q

Which of the following should be considered when designing grazing management plans?

a. Season of grazing
b. Plant distribution
c. Kind and class of animals
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

33
Q

Which situation is worse?

a. Over grazing
b. Under grazing
c. Both A and B are unhealthy
d. Neither A or B is unhealthy

A

c. Both A and B are unhealthy

34
Q

Replacement heifers should be bred at _____ months of age, calves at _____ years of age, and be maintained in the herd for _____ years.

35
Q

True or False

Rest periods during transportation do not improve the health and welfare of feeder calves.

36
Q

True or False
Besides bunk scoring, good bunk management also takes into account other behaviors exhibited by cattle, including aggression

37
Q

True or False

Ammonia emissions from the pen surface in feedlots are greater in winter than in summer

38
Q

True or False

High stress cattle handling results in an increase in dark cutters.

39
Q

True or False

Good record keeping is one of the key strengths of the U.S beef industry

40
Q

True or False

Maximizing consumer confidence is not a key goal of beef quality assurance

41
Q

True or False
The feedlot finishing of a greater number of dairy cows from 2011 to 2016 has contributed to the overall increase in quality grade in the U.S.

42
Q

True or False

Following vaccination, all immune responses are proactive against disease

43
Q

True or False

The best vaccine will make up for poor management

44
Q

_____ is an ionophore fed to feedlot cattle to improve average daily gain and feed efficiency

a. Melengesterol acetate
b. Monensin
c. Ractopamine
d. Tylosin

A

b. Monensin

45
Q

Vitamin _____ is supplemented to finishing cattle to improve product shelf life?

a. Vitamin B
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin K

A

c. Vitamin E

46
Q

When feeding finishing cattle using a bunk system, an ideal bunk management score would be _____

a. 0
b. 1/2 - 1
c. 2 - 3
d. 3 - 4

A

b. 1/2 - 1

47
Q

_____ is the primary processing method for corn fed to feedlot cattle in the U.S.

a. Steam flaking
b. Rolling
c. Cracking
d. Grinding

A

a. Steam flaking

48
Q

The following gas is produced during anaerobic digestion of manure and it is used as a source of renewable energy

a. O2
b. CO2
c. CH4
d. None of the above

49
Q

Beef from “non-fed” cattle (cows and bulls) makes up _____% of U.S. beef production

a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 40

50
Q

It is not recommended to sell cull cows during _____ as prices are at their lowest during this time of the year?

a. Summer
b. Spring
c. Winter
d. Fall

51
Q

Cull cows require _____ lb of DM per lb of gain compared to 5.5 to 6.5 lb of DM per lb of gain for feedlot cattle.

a. 2 to 4
b. 6 to 8
c. 10 to 14
d. 20 to 30

A

c. 10 to 14

52
Q

Which of the following is not included in the contents of a vaccine bottle?

a. Antigen
b. Adjuvant
c. Preservative
d. Antibiotic

A

d. Antibiotic

53
Q

A successful immune response requires _____?

a. recognition
b. effect
c. activation
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

54
Q

_____ are foreign substances that are recognized by T and B cells, neutrophils and microphages

a. Antigens
b. Cytokines
c. Antibodies
d. Plasma cells

A

a. Antigens

55
Q

_____, _____, and _____ are the 3 greenhouse gases

A

Methane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous Oxide

56
Q

Feeding a high concentrate diet results in the production of a greater proportion of _____ (hint; a VFA), which causes _____ (an increase or decrease) in methane production, compared to feeding a high forage diet that results in the production a greater proportion of _____ (hint; a VFA).

A

Propionic acid
decrease
Acetic Acid

57
Q

_____ and _____ are examples of quality defects that have been reported in previous fed or market cattle quality audits.

A

Dark cutters

Lesions (skin)

58
Q

Growth Promoters can do what?

A

Improve rate and efficiency of gain

59
Q

Name 4 FDA approved hormones for Growth Regulation in cattle.

A

Estradiol
Progesterone
Testosterone
Zeranol

60
Q

What are the most Common Implanting Errors?

A 
Crushing
Missing
Cartilage embedment
Infections 
Abscesses
Expelled
61
Q

Despite being approved for more than 50 years, only ___% cow/calf producers nationwide use growth-promoting impants.

62
Q

What are factors that effect palatability of beef products that are evaluated in quality grades?

A

tenderness
juiciness
flavor

63
Q

Beef quality grades are determined by?

A

maturity

marbling

64
Q

In terms of quality grade, ______ is the industry target in the US.

65
Q

What causes yellow fat in forage-fed cattle?

A

beta-carotenes

66
Q

Which of the following is a beta-adrenergic agonist?

a. optaflexx
b. zilmax
c. actigain
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

67
Q

True or False

Recruitment of new fat and muscle fiber cells can occur throughout life in cattle.

68
Q

True or False

In terms of nutrient use, marbling has highest priority during fetal growth and development.

69
Q

True or False

In general, implant accelerate bone maturity.

70
Q

What are 2 drawbacks that a US beef producer would face when raising double muscled cattle?

A

less carcass fat

greater dystocia

71
Q

In terms of quality grade, ________________ is the industry target in the US?

a. Prime
b. Choice
c. Select
d. Standard

72
Q

The critical period for marbling in calves is ____________ days after birth?

a. 0 -50
b. 50 -100
c. 100 -150
d. 200 -250

A

d.200 -250

73
Q

True or False

Less energy is required for an animal toput on/accumulate body protein compared tobody fat

74
Q

True or False
Despite the great degree of muscling, beef from “double muscling” cattle tends to be more tender than other breeds, including Angus cattle.

AVS 474 (5 decks)

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