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AVS 474 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False
Cool season grasses typically contain a low ruminally undegradable protein content, which can result in low performance in rangeland cattle.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False

Rest periods during transportation do not improve the health welfare of feeder calves

A

False

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3
Q

True or False

There is an energy cost associated with feeding an excessive amount of protein to finishing cattle.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False
Besides bunk scoring, good bunk management also take into account other behaviors exhibited by cattle, including aggression.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False

Cortisol release does not result in immunosuppression in cattle.

A

False

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6
Q

True or False

High stress cattle handling results in an increase in dark cutters

A

True

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7
Q

True or False

Ammonia emissions from the pen surface in feedlots are greater in winter than in summer.

A

False

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8
Q

The purpose for feeding supplemental protein to range cows is to feed microbes so that _____ increases?

a. digestibility
b. the rumen passage rate
c. intake
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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9
Q

Supplemental protein should be considered for cattle on range when the protein content of forage is _____?

a. less than 7%
b. 9% to 11%
c. greater that 11%
d. none of the above

A

a. less than 7%

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10
Q

Vitamin _____ is supplemented in finishing cattle diets to improve product shelf life?

a. vitamin B
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin K

A

c. vitamin E

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11
Q

When feeding finishing cattle using a bunk system, an ideal bunk management score would be _____.

a. 0
b. 1/2 to 1
c. 2 to 3
d. 3 to 4

A

b. 1/2 to 1

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12
Q

Because of its _____ content, the inclusion level of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets should be less than 40% of diet dry matter.

a. high protein
b. low starch
c. high sulfur
d. low physically effective NDF

A

a. high protein

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13
Q

_____ is the primary processing method for corn fed to feedlot cattle in the U.S.

a. steam flaking
b. rolling
c. cracking
d. grinding

A

c. cracking

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14
Q

Beef from “non-fed” cattle (cows and bulls) makes up _____% of U.S. beef production.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 40

A

c. 20

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15
Q

It is not recommended to sell cull cows during _____ as prices are at their lowest during this time of the year?

a. summer
b. fall
c. winter
d. spring

A

c. winter

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16
Q

As body fat _____ with advancing maturity, dry matter intake _____ in feedlot cattle.

A

increases

decreases

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17
Q

_____ and _____ are the two types of immunity.

A

Cell-mediated

Humoral

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18
Q

List 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of procuring weaned calves or yearlings from a live auction compared to a direct purchase from a ranch.

A

advantage - you can be more selective with the quality you buy

disadvantage - more potential to disease transmittance

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19
Q

List 2 procedures that are carried out during processing of weaned calves or yearlings after they arrive on feedlots.

A

rest period to acclimate to new environment

vaccinations

20
Q

What are 3 challenges (negatives) associated with feeding hay relative to grain that result in feedlot producers opting to walk a “tight rope”/ feed the least amount they can get away with?

A

hay is bulky
hay does not mix well
hay is not very energy dense

21
Q

What is the minimum level of forage (%) that is recommended in finishing cattle diets?

A

5%

22
Q

It is recommended to grind hay prior to it being fed to feedlot cattle. What are 2 advantages of grinding hay?

A

increase digestibility

increase forage quality

23
Q

Define physically effective fiber.

A

provides “scratch factor” to keep the GI wall healthy

stimulates rumination

24
Q

List 2 digestive disorders that occur as a result of feeding an inadequate amount of physically effective fiber.

A

acidosis

live abscesses

25
Q

Name a feed additive used for feedlot cattle, its mode of action, and effects on production performance.

A

Ionophores
Monensin
increase propionic acid and decreases CH4 production in the rumen
modify intake, ADG, & FE

26
Q

When managing a feedlot, what is the major objective of good feed bunk management?

A

minimize feed intake

minimize feed spoilage

27
Q

What are the 2 agencies that regulate CAFOs in Idaho? Which of those agencies is responsible for air and water quality?

A

EPA - responsible for air and water quality

ISDA

28
Q

List 2 key records that have to be maintained as part of a comprehensive nutrient management plan on CAFOs.

A

Nitrogen use

Nitrogen loss in emissions

29
Q

What percentage of a herd would you recommend to cull each year?

A

20%

30
Q

Describe 2 key benefits would you have from culling a part of your herd?

A

genetic improvement

increase production - culling dry cows

31
Q

Which 2 criteria would you recommend to use to identify cows to cull?

A

dystocia rates

how often she gets pregnant

32
Q

If you decide to feed cull cows before marketing , which 2 conditions would she need to consider for this to be profitable?

A

low cost of feed

high cull cow prices

33
Q

List 2 marketing strategies you could use to increase revenue from cull cows?

A

selling when cattle demand it high

feed to meet higher grade choice

34
Q

Vaccines are a management tool. No vaccine is 100% effective. List 3 of the 6 reasons why vaccines may fail to protect the animal discussed in lecture.

A

malnutrition
animal is already infected
high levels of stress

35
Q

List the 3 key functions successful immune response.

A

Recognition
Activation
Effect

36
Q

Vaccines developed for Leptospirosis come in the form of a bacterin. Define a bacterin vaccine.

A

a suspension of killed to attenuated bacteria

37
Q

List a safety concern when using live vaccines.

A

can cause disease in humans

38
Q

List a safety concern when using Modified live vaccines.

A

Can induce disease

Can cause abortion

39
Q

MLV are considered a more complete way to vaccinate. Why?

A

Faster immune response

Fewer boosters, long lasting

40
Q

Which of the 2 (live vs. MLV) results in a faster immune response when administered? And why?

A

MLV

the immune system recognized the live foreign body sooner

41
Q

In general, in terms of cost, which of the 2 (killed vs. MLV) is more expensive to use? and why?

A

killed, requires booster

42
Q

If asked by a producer to a member of the general public, how would you define beef quality assurance(BQA)?

A

an approach to ensure the consumers get the quality of beef that is overall safe for consumption

43
Q

What is the major condition that results in livers being condemned?

A

Liver abscesses

44
Q

Describe in detail how liver abscesses occur.

A

result in aggressive grain-feeding programs
animal does not show any clinical signs
decrease pH and dying off of lever cells forming lesions on the liver.

45
Q

Which 2 strategies would you recommend to a feedlot producer to reduce the incidences of liver abscesses?

A

increase particle size

slowly transition the ration

46
Q

Besides liver, tongue, heart, and head condemnations, which other 3 conditions were identified in 2016 as contributor to “lost opportunities”/ loss of revenue from cows and bulls?

A

Quality grade
Yield grade
Carcass weight

AVS 474 (5 decks)

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