Exam 3 Flashcards
True or False
Cool season grasses typically contain a low ruminally undegradable protein content, which can result in low performance in rangeland cattle.
True
True or False
Rest periods during transportation do not improve the health welfare of feeder calves
False
True or False
There is an energy cost associated with feeding an excessive amount of protein to finishing cattle.
True
True or False
Besides bunk scoring, good bunk management also take into account other behaviors exhibited by cattle, including aggression.
True
True or False
Cortisol release does not result in immunosuppression in cattle.
False
True or False
High stress cattle handling results in an increase in dark cutters
True
True or False
Ammonia emissions from the pen surface in feedlots are greater in winter than in summer.
False
The purpose for feeding supplemental protein to range cows is to feed microbes so that _____ increases?
a. digestibility
b. the rumen passage rate
c. intake
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Supplemental protein should be considered for cattle on range when the protein content of forage is _____?
a. less than 7%
b. 9% to 11%
c. greater that 11%
d. none of the above
a. less than 7%
Vitamin _____ is supplemented in finishing cattle diets to improve product shelf life?
a. vitamin B
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin K
c. vitamin E
When feeding finishing cattle using a bunk system, an ideal bunk management score would be _____.
a. 0
b. 1/2 to 1
c. 2 to 3
d. 3 to 4
b. 1/2 to 1
Because of its _____ content, the inclusion level of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets should be less than 40% of diet dry matter.
a. high protein
b. low starch
c. high sulfur
d. low physically effective NDF
a. high protein
_____ is the primary processing method for corn fed to feedlot cattle in the U.S.
a. steam flaking
b. rolling
c. cracking
d. grinding
c. cracking
Beef from “non-fed” cattle (cows and bulls) makes up _____% of U.S. beef production.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 40
c. 20
It is not recommended to sell cull cows during _____ as prices are at their lowest during this time of the year?
a. summer
b. fall
c. winter
d. spring
c. winter
As body fat _____ with advancing maturity, dry matter intake _____ in feedlot cattle.
increases
decreases
_____ and _____ are the two types of immunity.
Cell-mediated
Humoral
List 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of procuring weaned calves or yearlings from a live auction compared to a direct purchase from a ranch.
advantage - you can be more selective with the quality you buy
disadvantage - more potential to disease transmittance
List 2 procedures that are carried out during processing of weaned calves or yearlings after they arrive on feedlots.
rest period to acclimate to new environment
vaccinations
What are 3 challenges (negatives) associated with feeding hay relative to grain that result in feedlot producers opting to walk a “tight rope”/ feed the least amount they can get away with?
hay is bulky
hay does not mix well
hay is not very energy dense
What is the minimum level of forage (%) that is recommended in finishing cattle diets?
5%
It is recommended to grind hay prior to it being fed to feedlot cattle. What are 2 advantages of grinding hay?
increase digestibility
increase forage quality
Define physically effective fiber.
provides “scratch factor” to keep the GI wall healthy
stimulates rumination
List 2 digestive disorders that occur as a result of feeding an inadequate amount of physically effective fiber.
acidosis
live abscesses
Name a feed additive used for feedlot cattle, its mode of action, and effects on production performance.
Ionophores
Monensin
increase propionic acid and decreases CH4 production in the rumen
modify intake, ADG, & FE
When managing a feedlot, what is the major objective of good feed bunk management?
minimize feed intake
minimize feed spoilage
What are the 2 agencies that regulate CAFOs in Idaho? Which of those agencies is responsible for air and water quality?
EPA - responsible for air and water quality
ISDA
List 2 key records that have to be maintained as part of a comprehensive nutrient management plan on CAFOs.
Nitrogen use
Nitrogen loss in emissions
What percentage of a herd would you recommend to cull each year?
20%
Describe 2 key benefits would you have from culling a part of your herd?
genetic improvement
increase production - culling dry cows
Which 2 criteria would you recommend to use to identify cows to cull?
dystocia rates
how often she gets pregnant
If you decide to feed cull cows before marketing , which 2 conditions would she need to consider for this to be profitable?
low cost of feed
high cull cow prices
List 2 marketing strategies you could use to increase revenue from cull cows?
selling when cattle demand it high
feed to meet higher grade choice
Vaccines are a management tool. No vaccine is 100% effective. List 3 of the 6 reasons why vaccines may fail to protect the animal discussed in lecture.
malnutrition
animal is already infected
high levels of stress
List the 3 key functions successful immune response.
Recognition
Activation
Effect
Vaccines developed for Leptospirosis come in the form of a bacterin. Define a bacterin vaccine.
a suspension of killed to attenuated bacteria
List a safety concern when using live vaccines.
can cause disease in humans
List a safety concern when using Modified live vaccines.
Can induce disease
Can cause abortion
MLV are considered a more complete way to vaccinate. Why?
Faster immune response
Fewer boosters, long lasting
Which of the 2 (live vs. MLV) results in a faster immune response when administered? And why?
MLV
the immune system recognized the live foreign body sooner
In general, in terms of cost, which of the 2 (killed vs. MLV) is more expensive to use? and why?
killed, requires booster
If asked by a producer to a member of the general public, how would you define beef quality assurance(BQA)?
an approach to ensure the consumers get the quality of beef that is overall safe for consumption
What is the major condition that results in livers being condemned?
Liver abscesses
Describe in detail how liver abscesses occur.
result in aggressive grain-feeding programs
animal does not show any clinical signs
decrease pH and dying off of lever cells forming lesions on the liver.
Which 2 strategies would you recommend to a feedlot producer to reduce the incidences of liver abscesses?
increase particle size
slowly transition the ration
Besides liver, tongue, heart, and head condemnations, which other 3 conditions were identified in 2016 as contributor to “lost opportunities”/ loss of revenue from cows and bulls?
Quality grade
Yield grade
Carcass weight
