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AVS 474 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

There is an inverse relationship between the price of corn and heifer prices.

A

False

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2
Q

True or False

The dairy industry is not important in terms of beef production in the U.S.

A

False

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3
Q

True or False

In the cattle cycle, high prices are an indication of an undersupply of cattle.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False

When measuring tenderness in beef, shear force increases as the % Bos indices influence increases.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False
Postponing the calving season to approximately 40 days before maximum forage growth can be beneficial because there is an increase in reproductive performance.

A

True

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6
Q

True or False

Visual appraisal is not necessary when selecting cattle to breed

A

False

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7
Q

True or False

EPDs do not predict uniformity or variation in half a calf crop

A

True

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8
Q

The typical length of the cattle cycle is how many years?

a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20

A

b. 10

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9
Q

Which of the following breeds does not have Bos indicus influence?

a. Brangus
b. Beefmaster
c. Santa Gertrudis
d. Maine Anjou

A

d. Maine Anjou

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10
Q

Annual feed cost per cow is approximately?

a. $125 - 250/year
b. $350 - 450/year
c. $600 - 700/year
d. $ 1,000 - 1200/year

A

c. $600 - 700/year

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11
Q

When appraising cattle, width of base is used as an indicator of _____?

a. Bone
b. Fat
c. Capacity
d. Muscle

A

d. Muscle

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12
Q

In herds where replacements are saved, what percentage of the genetic makeup of each calf results in from the last 3 sires used?

a. 87.5%
b. 67.5%
c. 54.5%
d. 76.5%

A

a. 87.5%

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13
Q

Put the following steps of the Evolution of Beef Cattle in order.
Actual performance measures, Bio economic indexes, Genomic enhanced EPD and Indexes, Visual appraisal, Expected progeny differences, Adjusted Measures & Within Herd Ratios

A 
Visual appraisal 
Actual Performance Measures
Adjusted Measures & Within Herd Ratios
Expected progeny differences
Bio economic indexes
Genomic enhanced EPD and Indexes
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14
Q

A _____ group of cattle is a population created from 2 existing breeds, designed to retain heterosis from one generation to another, and maintained similarly to purebred cattle populations.

A

composite

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15
Q

The superiority in performance of crossbred cattle compared to the average or purebred parental breeds is called _____.

A

Hybrid Viger

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16
Q

_____ = best method for predicting an animal’s genetic level or genetic worth

A

EPD

17
Q

The level of performance that beef cattle exhibit for each trait is dependent on _____ and _____.

A

Genetic

Environment

18
Q

$ value indexes are in reference to _____ EPDs.

A

economics

19
Q

The 2018 cattle inventory is similar to 1954. However, beef production is 2.2 times higher that in 1954 because of the increase in carcass weight. Which 2 factors explain this increase in carcass weight over the past 64 years?

A

Better genetics and selection which contribute to cattle weights increasing

20
Q

In which region in the U.S is the majority if cow-calf operations located? Why is this region excellent for cow-calf production?

A

Midwest

the Range and climate

21
Q

Per capita consumption of beef decreased from 94.3 to 55.2 lb/person between 1976 and 2016. Which 3 factors could explain this decrease in beef consumption? What could the beed industry do to address this decrease in consumption?

A

Cheaper alternatives
Healthier options
Animals welfare

22
Q

Name an example of a British (Bos taurus) beef breed and discuss 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of the breed.

A

Angus
Advantages: maternal traits, great temperament
Disadvantages: not heat tolerant

23
Q

Name an example of a Zebu (Bos indicus) beef breed and discuss 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of the breed.

A

Brahman
Advantages: heat tolerant, insect resistant
Disadvantage: not as good tempered

24
Q

The most demanding time in terms of nutrition for heifers is right after calving for the first time. What are the 3 factors that lead to their high nutrient requirements?

A

They are still trying to reach their full body weight while nursing a calf
They are smaller, and have to work harder to feed the calf for the first time
Negative energy balance, they can’t eat enough to maintain weight.

25
Q

State one visual characteristic that would make a female appear “Feminine” and one visual characteristic that would make a male appear “Masculine”

A

Females should be less muscular overall, smaller and defined head

Males should be more muscled, through the shoulder and neck, bigger head, and frame

26
Q

Which 3 factors would you look for when selecting a bull to breed to heifers? The heifer calves will be retained or sold for breeding.

A

High Calving ease
High Milk production
Lower weaning weight

27
Q

List and describe the two(2) most recognized reasons for crossbreeding. These may also be thought of as the benefits, or values, or crossbreeding

A

Crossbreeding increases heterozygosity

Crossbreeding improved traits that you want for performance, such as milk production

28
Q

Consider the following crosses: Simmental x Angus, Brahman x Hereford, and Angus x Red Angus. From which of these crosses would you expect to see the least amount of heterosis (hybrid vigor) in various traits?

A

Angus and Red Angus
they are the most similar to one another, breeding them together only creates more similar characteristics. Doesn’t promote hybrid vigor

AVS 474 (5 decks)

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