Exam 2 Flashcards
True or False
MGA is cleared for use in lactating cows, but not heifers.
False
True or False
AI is not widely used in beef operation in the U.S. because it is cheaper to use Bulls
False
True or False
Thin cows that gain weight after calving have improved conception rates - but they are still not optimal.
True
True or False
In some instances, the stocking rate for a pasture can be the same as it’s carrying capacity.
True
True or False
It is not important to test the mineral content of the soil on your pasture when deciding whether to supplement cattle.
False
True or False
Frequency of grazing affects plant vigor.
True
True or False
Reducing the stocking rate for a given pasture will address distribution issues.
False
In terms of prioritization of energy use by the beef cow, which is ordered correctly from the highest to lowest priority?
a. Growth, breeding, lactation
b. Maintenance, growth, lactation
c. Maintenance, breeding, growth
d. Breeding, growth, maintenance
b. Maintenance, growth, lactation
Puberty can be induced in heifers as early as _____?
a. 5 weeks
b. 3 months
c. 5 months
d. 9 months
d. 9 months
Which of the following cannot be used as part of synchronization and AI protocol in the U.S.?
a. Progesterone
b. Prostaglandin
c. Estrogen
d. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
c. Estrogen
Which of the following features should NOT be considered when body condition scoring cattle?
a. Muscling
b. Gut Fill
c. Fat Deposits
d. Visible bone structure
b. Gut Fill
Beef cattle cannot graze on slope grades greater than _____%?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
d. 40%
Which situation is worse?
a. Overgrazing
b. Under-grazing
c. Both A and B are unhealthy
d. Neither A or B is unhealthy
c. Both A and B are unhealthy
What is postpartum anestrus? How does it differ between 1st calf heifers (primiparous cows) and Mature cows (multiparous cows) and Why? Name 2 techniques that can shorten postpartum anestrus.
Postpartum anestrus - time from calving until she comes into heat, during this time she is not cycling
1st calf heifers - come into heat slower
Exposure of a bull and taking the calf away sooner can reduce the postpartum anestrus period.
What do you recommend in terms of Bull:cow ratio for yearling and mature bulls and why?
Mature bull - 1:30 cows
Yearling bull - 1 cow for every month the bull is old
ex: 14 month bull - 14 cows
Mature bulls can cover a higher number of cows because they are more experienced.
What would you recommend as the ideal BCS for the bulls?
4-6 depending on the bull
Which 3 things would you ask the producer to include on her breeding soundness exam?
Scrotal circumference
Semen count
Structural correctness
Which 2 factors should the producer watch out for that could have an impact on bull fertility?
Illness
Lameness
Which 2 seasons should the producer expect bull fertility to be the poorest and why?
Winter and Summer
The cold weather and drastic heat can impact this.
When deciding on the minerals to use on a cow/calf operation, which form (oxide, sulfate, or chelated? would you recommend? Give 2 reasons why you would recommend that form compared to the other 2 forms?
Oxide - cheaper and more available
What is nutrient antagonism? Give an example of 2 minerals that are antagonistic to each other.
The abundance of the nutrients are equal and cancel each other out.
Molybdenum and Copper
_____ and _____ are common trace minerals that are deficient in the Pacific Northwest Region.
Selenium
Copper
With early turnout of cows in the spring, a _____ deficiency could occur because of the soil. This deficiency results in _____, which could be addressed by _____.
Magnesium
Grass tetany
Supplementing Magnesium in the diet
The 3 fractions that make up metabolizable protein are _____, _____, and _____.
Microbial protein
Endogenous protein
By-pass protein
What is the rule of thumb to ensure that you meet the energy requirements throughout its biological cycle? Your answer should specify what the recommendation s for each to the 3 physiological stages.
Breeding - BCS ~5, 55% BW
Calving - BCS ~5-6, 60% BW
Lactation - Eating ~ 2.5-3% of BW, 65% BW
Which 3 strategies would you recommend to a rancher who wants to increase pasture dispersion and utilization by his cattle.
Water placement - travel further is water is nearby
Supplement placement - more movement around
Available access by the cattle - slopes less than 20%
If you had irrigated pasture for your cattle, which grazing system would you use? Describe the system; diagrams are encouraged. Also discuss the cost and labor considerations, impact of system on animal distribution and forage selection, and the fit of that system to plant physiology.
Deferred Rotational grazing system
Similar to rotational but designed to fit plant physiology better.
Each pasture grazed at a different time of the year over several years.
