Final Exam

Question 1

was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989

Answer 1

Berlin Wall

Question 2

was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case overturned a judgment convicting an African American law student for trespassing by being in a restaurant in a bus terminal which was “whites only”.

Answer 2

Boynton v. Virginia

Question 3

is the practice of trying to achieve an advantageous outcome by pushing dangerous events to the brink of active conflict. It occurs in international politics, foreign policy, labor relations, and military strategy involving the threat of nuclear weapons, and high-stakes litigation.

Answer 3

Brinksmanship

Question 4

was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

Answer 4

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 5

is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations.

Answer 5

Civil Rights Act

Question 6

was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, which denied the Arkansas School Board the right to delay desegregation for 30 months

Answer 6

Cooper v. Aaron

Question 7

was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by the American discovery of Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba.

Answer 7

Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 8

is the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation, through verbal communication

Answer 8

Detente

Question 9

was a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s that posited that if one country in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

Answer 9

Domino Theory

Question 10

was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968.

Answer 10

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr

Question 11

was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

Answer 11

Dwight Eisenhower

Question 12

was an American jurist and politician who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States and earlier as the 30th Governor of California.

Answer 12

Earl Warren

Question 13

was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.

Answer 13

Fidel Castro

Question 14

was an American pilot whose Central Intelligence Agency U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission in Soviet Union airspace, causing the 1960 U-2 incident.

Answer 14

Francis Gary Powers

Question 15

were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961

Answer 15

Freedom Riders

Question 16

as a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi

Answer 16

Freedom Summer

Question 17

was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the total elimination of poverty and racial injustice.

Answer 17

Great Society

Question 18

was an American politician and journalist who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963

Answer 18

John Kennedy

Question 19

was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957

Answer 19

Joseph McCarthy

Question 20

was the site of forced desegregation in 1957 after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional three years earlier

Answer 20

Little Rock Central High School

Question 21

was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. Formerly the 37th vice president of the United States from 1961 to 1963, he assumed the presidency following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy

Answer 21

Lyndon Johnson

Question 22

also known as a massive response or massive deterrence, is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.

Answer 22

Massive Retaliation

Question 23

Support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs of health care generally.

Answer 23

Medical Care Act

Question 24

was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

Answer 24

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Question 25

was used by Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United States presidential election to the Democratic National Convention at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum as the Democratic slogan to inspire America to support him

Answer 25

New Frontier

Question 26

was an American politician who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.

Answer 26

Richard Nixon

Question 27

was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968.

Answer 27

Robert Kennedy

Question 28

was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott.

Answer 28

Rosa Parks

Question 29

was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places.

Answer 29

Southern Manifesto

Question 30

was one of the major American Civil Rights Movement organizations of the 1960s. It emerged from the first wave of student sit-ins and formed at a May 1960 meeting organized by Ella Baker at Shaw University.

Answer 30

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

Question 31

was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War,

Answer 31

Tet Offensive

Question 32

is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting

Answer 32

Voting Rights Act

Question 33

This legislation was proposed by Johnson in response to a national poverty rate of around nineteen percent

Answer 33

War on Poverty