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GEOG 1020 > Final Exam - 6, population > Flashcards

Final Exam - 6, population Flashcards

1
Q

Population Bomb:

A

The idea that the population was going to grow to a certain extent we wouldn’t have enough resources to supply for everyone
- We don’t know how climate change, drought and such will affect us

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2
Q

Whats going to happen as the population continues to grow?

A

We will emit more greenhouse gasses

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3
Q

What does Thomas Robert Malthus argue/predict?

A

“Overpopulation directly corresponds to human suffering due to the notion that human population increases geometrically while food production can only increase arithmetically”

  • If this trend continues then society will frequently experience war, poverty and famine as food becomes less available
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4
Q

Ester Boserup

A
  • We have enough food but how do we get the food to a specific area of the world?
  • Famine is more likely to be the result of a natural disaster, war or the country selling to many cash crops to sell overseas
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5
Q

Demography:

A

Is the science of populations.

  • Demographers seek to understand population dynamics by investigating thee main demographic processes: birth, migration and aging
  • These 3 processes contribute to changes in populations
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6
Q

Key concerns of demography:

A
  • How many people, where, and why
  • The structure of a population
  • The differences between regions
  • The consequences of population patterns
  • Changes in populations and population structure over time
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7
Q

Populations are not…

A

Evenly distributed

Why are there more people in some areas than others?

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8
Q

Population:

A

A group of individuals of the same species who inhabit an area
- Defined by 5 factors, crude birth rate, crude death rate, sex ratio , age distribution, spatial distribution

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9
Q

Crude Birth Rate

A 
The number of individuals added to a population through reproduction per year.
# of births per 1000 people per year
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10
Q

Why are birthrates so high in developing countries?

A
  • lack of education

- lack of birth control methods

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11
Q

Crude Death Rate

A 
Number of deaths per unit time
# of deaths per 1000 people per year
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12
Q

Factors affecting crude death rates in a population:

A
  • Demographic structure (more men/and or elderly = higher DR
  • Levels of economic development (higher levels = lower DR)
  • Access to health care (higher = lower)
  • Social class (higher income = longer life?)
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13
Q

Mortality indicators:

A
  • CDR
  • Expectation of life
  • Age specific DR
  • Infant mortality rate
  • Child mortality rate
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14
Q

Why have more people begun to live longer and fewer deaths among infants?

A
  • Increase of food supplies
  • Better nutrition
  • Improvements in medical and public health technology
  • Improved sanitation and personal hygiene
  • Safer water supplies
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15
Q

Infant Mortality Rates

A

The ratio of deaths of children under 1 year of age in a given year to the total number of live births in the same year

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16
Q

Sex Ratio

A

Ratio of males to females

17
Q

Population Pyramids

A

Are graphic models that illustrate relationships between birth rates, death rates and the resulting age structure of the population
- Designed by gender and age group known as cohorts

18
Q

Explain the demographic structure of a population using a population pyramid

A
  • Wide base means a large proportion is children, or a population that is expanding
  • A narrow base means similar proportions in all age groups, slower growth populations, perhaps some stability
  • A smaller base than the middle/top means proportionally smaller numbers of children, population is likely to decline in the long run
19
Q

Why are population pyramids important?

A
  • they help us to know more than just the total number of people
  • Help manage policies like the number of schools that will be needed in an area, how to manage pension funds, health services, economic policy
20
Q

Spatial Distribution:

A
  • The density of organism (the number of individuals per unit area)
  • Overcrowding results in dispersal (reflected as emigration which is seen as immigration to the receiving area)
21
Q

What are some factors that influence population distributions and densities?

A
  • Climate
  • Soil fertility
  • Availability of water
  • Quantity of other natural resources
  • Historical factors
  • Population dynamics
  • Political boundaries
22
Q

Net Migration Rate

A

= # of immigrants - # of emigrants / 1000 inhabitants
- if it is positive it means there are more people entering than leaving, if negative then more people are leaving than staying

23
Q

Zero populaiton growth:

A

The condition when a population is no longer increasing because the birth rate equals the death rate

24
Q

Replacement level fertility:

A

The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves

25
Q

Total Fertility Rate:

A

The average number of children born to each woman during her child bearing years

26
Q

Global fertility trends

A

In the more developed world fertility is currently 1.56 children per woman and is projected to increase to 1.84 by 2050

27
Q

What contributes to Canada’s love fertility rate?

A
  • Good health
  • Birth control options
  • Equal opportunity for women
  • Waiting longer to get married
28
Q

Doubling Time

A

Is the number of years it will take a population to double in size, given its current rate of increase

29
Q

World Population - Was Malthus right?

A

The world population will continue to grow in the 21st century but at a slower rate compared to the recent past

30
Q

Migration has a tremendous impact on…

A
  • Cultural makeup of many regions
  • ideas
  • new ways of doing things
31
Q

As populations increase,

A

migration will likely grow

32
Q

Why do people move?

A
  • Economic factors
  • Marriage/family reasons
  • Climate
  • Political/religious persecution
  • War/famine
  • Environmental degradation
33
Q

Dependancy Ratio

A

The measure of economic impact of the young and old on the more economically productive members of the population

34
Q

What are the implications of a high dependency ratio?

A
  • Large, young populations place burdens on working populations and can create problems with providing food, education, and health services
  • Older populations can place a huge burden on the health care system or pension benefits
35
Q

Population Control Strategies

A
  • Increase marriage age
  • Increasing education levels
  • Birth control
  • Improved health care

GEOG 1020 (7 decks)

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