final exam Flashcards
small elevation of enamel on some part of crown
tubercle
upper 2 pharyngeal arches identified by roman numerals I AND 11
mandibular
hyoid
rounded borders of enamel on mesial and distal portions of occlusal surfaces
marginal ridge
buccal groove of mandibular first molar is more anterior than normal to the MB cusp of the max. 1st molar,
class 3
molars are in class 2 and max. central are retruded,
class 2 D 2
PDL FIBER GROUPS
alveolar crest- from cervical area of tooth the alveolar crest
horizontal- horizontally from tooth to alveolar bone
oblique- fibers run obliquely from cementum to bone
apical- fibers radiating apically from tooth to bone
intradicular- fibers run between roots of multirooted teeth
comprises several row s of flattened cells
forms cementum of tooth, pdl and some alveolar bone
dental sac
crowns are formed from growth centers called
lobes
smallest permanent tooth in the mouth
mandibular centrals
something noticeably different from norm..
anaomaly
fluid part of blood
plasama
posterior
mesial distal labial buccal occlusal
how many lobes do the molars have?
5 lobes
small area of condendsed cells arising from mesoderm and located next or deep to IEE
forms dentin and pulp of tooth
dental papilla
used to check bitre after restoration
articulating paper
the messages leaving the brain for distant parts of the body are referred to as…. cause some kind of action to take place
motor (efferent)
what is a bone producing cell?
osteoblast
2 adj. tooth germs unite
fusion
max 1st molar is even with or anterior to mand. 1st molar
class 2
hydroxyapatite compostion of enamel
96%
master controller of cell contains DNA and RNA whcih control operation of cell
nucleus
produced thin membrane to surround the material produced by the ER so it can be moved around
golgi apparatus
which type of cells form the epithelium?
simple and stratified
perm. tooth eruption ages
maxillary CI- 7-8 yrs LI- 8-9 yrs K9- 11-12 yrs 1 PM- 10-11 2 PM- 10-12 1 M- 6-7 2 M- 12-13 3 M- 17-22
mandibular CI- 6-7 LI 7-8 K9 9-10 1 PM 10-12 2PM 11-12 1 M 6-7 2 M 11-13 3M 17-22
every fourth day, change in development of enamel… brownish line develops in eamel looking like rings of a tree
striae of reztius
anterior tooth types
incisors-cutting
canines- grasping/tearing, longest tooth, trianguler shpaed roots
what is the general rule about teeth?
more posterior a molar, the smaller
nothced incisors due to syphlyis exposure, screwdriver shaped
hutchinsons incisors
hardening of the tooth tissue by deposition of mineral salts.. last tissue to become calcified the APEX of tooth
calcification
multiple or extra teeth
hyerdontia
the whole crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel
anatomical crown
tooth germ begins to grow within alveolar process
6th week of life fetal
result of individuals genetic make up
hereditary
opening at apex of rooth allowing nerve and vessesl to enter tooth
apical foramen
too large of teeth
macrodontia
largest cusp in maxillary first molar
mesiolingual cusp
primary tooth ereuption ages
CI- 6-8 months LI- 7-11 months 1at M- 13-19 months K9- 16-22 months 2nd M- 25-33 months
tooth erupts past the occlusal plane in an attempt to meet its antagonist
supraerupt
wider crown, MI angle sharp, welll developed cingulum
central
roots of baby teeth are resorbed and baby tooth falls out
exfoliation
bi con cave disc?
red blood cells
if cleft palate is going to develop, when?
between 7 and 11 week
allows for proper deflection of food and the right amount of tissue stimulation and protects the gingial crevice
correct degree of curvature
this curvature of the tooth is greater than the distal curvature of the same tooth
mesial curvature
too few teeth
anodontia
what cell secretes mucous in resp. tract
pseudostratified columnar
condition occurs at or before birth
congenital
begins to show growth process which will be the maxillary process.. subdivided into maxillary and mandibular
mandibular arch
most commonly cong. missing teeth
3rd molars
2nd mand. PM
max. lateral incisor
anterior teeth tooth surfaces
mesial distal lingual facial incisal
bulges out
convex
apex of root curves?
distally
heart muscle or striated involuntary muscle means it has striping similar to the skeletal muscle.. control of the heart is not under willful control of the individual but rather regulated automatically by th body
purjknes fibers act like nerves in the heart and conduct messages through the heart to help it contract or beat properly
cardiac muscle
tumorous anomaly of calcified dental tissues
odontoma
depression or concavity in the tooth
fossa
4 tooth tissues
enamel dentin cementum and pulp
hard- cementum, enamel and dentin
soft- pulp
series of interconnecting tbules in the cell that are responsible for manuafcture of various products to be in or outsdie of the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
each tooth is given a two dgit number, first number is quadrant, second s tooh
FDI quadrant 1-4 1-8 Q 5-8 1-5
widest part of the crown of the tooth, most convex bulge of the tooth
crest of curvature
fluid medium insidee cell membrane
cytoplasm
one of the cells that sprotu or form fibers
fibroblasts
junction of cementum and enamel?
CEJ
products carried away by ducts leading from gland
exocrine
malformed lateral incisors
peg laterals
smaller than centrals, mi nore rounded, lingual pit, di more rounded
lateral
fusion of developmental lobes with bony crypts
coalescence
cells of the nervous system
neurons
found in middle of pulp
free pulp stones
nonstriated involuntary muscle, does not have stripes and cannot be willfully controlled, found in the lining digestive tract, in blood vessels, in the lungs and many other organs
smooth muscle
which tooth has stretched out “s”
primary mandibular first molar
line formed by the junction of the cementum of the root and enamel of the crown?+
cervical line
pinpoint hole within the fossa
pit
crack in enamel
enamel lamella
single layered epithelium
simple
invagination of the crown inward towards the pulpal tissues
tooth within a tooth
dens in dente
premature contact of one tooth before the other teeth occlude
traumatic occlusion
either cuboidal or rectangular, only one thick layer, lines digestive tract from stomach to anal region, main function is absorption of break down products within digestive tract, found in ducts of various glands such as =kidney, salivary pancreas and other
simple cuboidal or simple columnar
primitive oral depression
stomodeum
long tube running from the dej to pulp containing an odontoblastic process
dentinal tuble
lines formed by union of lobes
developmental grooves
thin, freely moveable mucosa that tears or injures easily.. non keratinzed, floor of mouth, vestuble, alveolar mcusoa
lining mucosa
most retruded relationship of the mandible to the maxilla when the condyles are in their most upward, backward and unstrained position in the glenoid fossa
bone to bone relationship
which tooth forms a cross in the groove
mand. 2 molar
changes pdl constantly goes under
chew, bite, floss
general rule for max. mand. teeth?
mandibular teeth usually preceed maxillary
teeth hardest to identify left and right
mandibular centrals
pulp in roots of the teeth
root canal
this system, each quadrant is given its own prefix symbol and then tooth number
palmer notation
1-8
A-E
right in L’s
0.5% known as mast cells
basophilis
stippling of attached gingiva
rete pegs
1st Permanent tooth to erupt
molars
meaning for tongue tied?
ankyloglossia
how many cusps does mand. 1st molar have?
5
mb, db, d, ml, dl
pulp composition
blood vessels lymph vessels connective tissues nerve tissues odontoblasts
which tooth has short roots usually fused?
mand. 3 molar
known as striated voluntary muscle.. refers to striped appearance of muscle fibers under a microscope. voluntary means that the contractions or shortening of the muscles is under the willful control of person or aniamal
skeletal muscle
MOVEMENT OF TEETH INTO THE ORAL CAVITY?
eruption
supporting tissue adjacent to the teeth
periodontium
free, attached gingiva
alveolar mucosa
PDL
bone
all are essential for support and Anchorage of teeth
terminal end of root
apex
forms bulk of the cervical 1/3 of lingual surface on canines
cingulum
which tooth has roots widely spread?
max 1 molar
what is the hardest tissue in the body?
enamel
2 divisions of periodontium
gingival - free attached gingiva, alveolar mucosa
attachment unit- cementum, bone, PDL
separation between median nasal process and maxillary process
cleft lip (6th embryonic week)
the most common tiype probably originate from dead cells with concentric layers of calcium phosphate around them
flase stones
mound of crown on occusal surface of tooth
cusp
when do primary teeth begin to calcify?
4-5 month fetal life
early features of face beginto develop in embryonic age of ?
3 weeks
main ridges on each cusp, tip to center
triangular ridge
what do the curvatures in teeth aide in?
prevent disease, damage, bacterial invasion and calculus
displaces occlusal trauma and biting forces
protects the gingiva and periodontium
greater curvature on anterior teeth than posterior.. anterior teeth are narrower labiolingually, posterior are wider bucolingually
curvature of CEJ
growth centers for tooth.. usually four
developmental lobes
junction of dentin and enamel?
DEJ
which premolar is most likely to have 2 roots
max 1st pm
void created after interdental papilla recedes back
cervical embrassure
too small of teeth
microdontia
this covers the root, provides attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone
cementum
forms the incisal edges of anterior teeth when the developmental lobes fuse
mamelons
this is thicker at the cusps and occlusal surfaces and thinner at the cervical margin
enamel
what tooth has the mesial groove starting just below contact
max 1 pm
mechanical wear
abrasion
forces that exert pressure on teeth
active eruption mesial drift mast. occlusal surfaces orthodontic corrective forces traumatic occlusion forces
which tooth can have a bifurcated root
mandibular canines
small clumps of teeth that have the ability to form tooth tissues
tooth germ
the mesiolingual deveopmental groove identifies which tooth?
mand. 1st PM
cellular part of blood divdeed into?
white, red, platelets
composition of dentin
70% hydrozyapatite
first perm. tooth to erupt
mand first molar
lingual lobe of anterior tooth
cingulum
hereditary dentinal deveolpmental abnormality
dentinogensis imperfecta
deep cracks or openings on tooth surfaces that may lead to caries
pits and fissures
this is the main portion of the tooth, yellowish in color
dentin
thin layer of alveolar bone seen radiographically
lamina dura
maintains oral structures in their most manually protective harmony
preventive dentistry
the portion of the jaw that supports the teeth
alveolar process
cells that produce cementum
cementoblasts
posterior tooth types
premolars - 2 cusps, bicuspid
molars- 4 or more cusps, chewing or grinding
union of 2 ridges that cross occlusal surfaces of a posterior tooth
transverse ridge
osteoclastic cells destroy roots of primary tooth
resportion
denintal tubles that are empty because of death of odontoblasts that orginally occupied them
dead tracts
condition attributed of inherited tendency
familial tendency
molars are in class 2 with max. centeral incisors in their normal protruded relationship
class 2 divison 1
form of hypercementosis associated with localized bone destruction
cementoma
functions of PDL attachment unit
support, nutrition, formative, snesory
part if the crown that is seen above the gingival margin
clinical crown
trauma to dentin?
occlusal-when one tooth or part of tooth is subjected to more stress than another
mechanical- usually from cavity prep int tooh
chemical-brought by aciss produced by bactiera that cause caries
cell body, axon and dendrite
three parts of neuron
what can calcification of teeth be interupted by?
fever metabolic dysfunction childhood or nutrtional disease physical illness trauma
normal occlusal wear
attrition
1-4% combat allergic reactions and imflammatory reactions
eosinphillis
single cusp, d curve root, cingulum
canine
most common type of epithelium
stratiifed squamous
functions of the pulp
nourishing, sensory
what are the embrylogic stages of development?
fertilization thru 2 weeks is the period of the ovum
weeks 3 thru 8 is period of embryo
weeks 9-36 period of fetus
where is the cusp of carabelli located?
mesial lingual cusp (max 1St only)
dips down
concave
means flat or plate like, foudn lining the lungs, blood vessels, abdominal cavity, thoracic cavity and small fluid carrying tubes.. allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lining of lungs and capillaries of lungs
simple squamous epithelium
what has genetic control over tooth shape
dental papilla
how many lobes do premolars have?
4 lobes
2 cusps
fusion of two teeth by cementum only
concrescene
spaces between the teeth that are occlusal to the contact
allow for passage of food around teeth and not forced into contact area
embrasssure
same as horn like, non keratinized, para, and keratanized
stratum corneum
permanent teeth that replace primary teeth
succedaneous
2 most common types of cleft lip
unilateral, bilateral
single mass of dental tissue
complex odontoma
bony socket in which the tooth fits into the bone
alveolus
falsely layered epithelium, looks like more than one layer.. seen in respiratory tract, many small single cells called goblet cells, secretes mucous, hairlike porjections knwon as cilia, traps contaminants in air passing thru respiratoyry passages
pseduostratifed columnar epithelium
4 basic tissues the body is composed of
epithelium
connective tissue
muscle
nervous tissue
which tooth is LEAST likely to be missing?
mand. 2ND PM
messages carried from the outer parts of body toward the brain
sensory (afferent)
resposnsible for energy production and for the rate at which cell uses energy
mitochondria
common form of enamel hypocalcification caused by excessive fluroride injestion.. mottled enamel
enamel flourosis
small white flecks to large brown spots
intiial budding from dental lamina, 10 thickened areas in each arch..
first stage in development of enamel organ that forms enamel of teeth
bud stage
50-70%, livev about 2 days function as phagocytes
neutrophilis
which canine has prominent cingulum?
maxillary canine
what teeth have established ther vertical height of occlusion
1st molars
multiple layered epithelium
stratiifed
3 varities of granulocytes
neutrophilis, esionphilis, basophils
what are the three functions of the teeth?
cutting - incisors
grasping- k9 premolar
grinding- molars
longest tooth in the mouth
canines
several masses that resemble rudimentary teeth
compound odontoma
apical to the mucogingival junction
alveolar mucosa
small cusp like elevation on tooth surface
tubercle
elevated portion of tooth that runs in a line
ridge
buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal
changes in thickness and appearance as the need arises, multiple layers of cells nd varying in thcikness, found in urinary system
transitinal epithelium
point at which 3 surfaces meet
point angle
ex- mesial, labial, and incisal surfaces
anterior and posterior teeth- cervical 1/3 on the tooth
buccal height of contour
what is enamel formed by?
ameloblasts
maxillary 1st molar is slightly posterior to the mandibular 1st molar, the mesiobuccal cusp of the max. ist molar is in line with the buccal groove of mandibular 1st
class 1
TMJ under stress causing damage to muscles or ligaments
antagonistic muscles of mastication become tire, sore, and tender
offensie tooth becomes sens. to percussion and tender upon chewing
respo. tooth may become cracked or broken
pain
consequences of Traumatic occlusion
thick keratinxed mucosa desgined to withstand the trauma of mastication, hard palate and free an attachaed gingiva
masticatory mucosa
these direct food off of the tooth against the gingiva at the proper angle
facial and lingual contours
whose ducts are lost after the gland develops and whose products are carried faway from the gland in blood stream
endocrine
