Exam 5 Flashcards
Foliate Papillae
Tongues lateral surface back (posterior lateral borders of the tongue)
an area where oral cancer can begin
Cellular Cementum
More vital than acellular cementum and therefore more responsive to remodeling itself. located in apical 1/3 of the tooth
Hyoglossus
Runs from lateral sides of the hyoid bone up into the lateral borders of the tongue and pulls the lateral edges or borders of the tongue down onto the floor of the mouth
What is active tooth eruption?
Implies the emergence of a crown into the oral cavity. However, the term refers to the goal life span of the tooth from the beginning of the crown development until the tooth is lost or the individual dies
How do anterior permanent teeth develop to the primary teeth?
apically and lingually
Another term for swelling
edema
What happens to the tongue when the longitudinal group of fibers contract?
the tongue is shortened
2 types of cementum
acellular
cellular
When does the tongue start to develop?
About 4 1/2 weeks as the buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures
Mucosa of the soft palate
Can call blocking the airway during sleep causing Sleep Apnea
Superior Longitudinal Group
Runs from the front to back (anterior to posterior) and lies near the dorsum of the tongue
alveolodental fibers
Run from the cementum to the alveolar bone
alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, apical, interradicular
Cortical plate
The layer of compact bone on the buccal or lingual surface. it has normal periosteum. the bone that forms the socket for the tooth is also a compact home but does not have normal periosteum
What causes a thickened lamina dura?
Bundle bone being laid down on the cribriform plate and is an indication of of occlusal trauma to that tooth or teeth
Submucosa
Connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels and nerves and also helps determine the mobility of the mucosa by the length of its connective tissue ridges and pegs
not present in all areas of the mouth
tends to constrain fatty tissue, minor salivary glands or both
What is Alveolar bone formation and changes?
Alveolar bone growth, tooth development, and eruption are interdependent mechanisms
Alveolar Mucosa
runs from the gingiva to the area of the mucobuccal or mucolabial fold
3 categories of mucosa
specialized
masticatory
lining
Gingival Fibers
Run from the cementum into the free and attached gingival area and support the gingival
Circular gingival fibers run around the tooth in the free gingival and hold gingiva
Horizontal group
Runs from the cementum horizontally to the alveolar crest and helps resist horizontal movement
Masticatory Mucosa
Comprises the gingiva and hard palatal tissue; undergoes trauma or compression during mastication
what is supraeruption?.
In an opposing tooth is lost, the tooth may continue to erupt. This can cause serious problems in the replacement of the missing tooth because it makes it difficult to establish the normal occlusal plane
Pharyngeal arches
The first pharyngeal arch is the mandibular arch, the second is the Hyoid arch and the remainder are III, IV, and VI (V disappears)
What are the three stages of tooth eruption?
Pre-eruptive stage
Eruptive stage or pre functional eruptive stage
Post Eruptive stage
What are sharpey’s fibers?
Parts of the PDL embedded in cementum on tooth side and alveolar bone on the opposite side in the wall of the socket
Styloglossus
Runs from the styloid process down and foward into the lateral borders of the tongue and blends with the hyoglossus. it pulls the tongue backward and slightly up
Cribriform or alveolar bone
Radiographically referred to as lamina dura
the tooth socket is constantly being remodeled and additional bone, called bundle bone, laid down on the cribriform plane
Apical Group
Runs from the apex of the tooth into the adjacent alveolar bone. this resists forces trying to pull the tooth from its socket
Serous Acini
Serous secretion is a thinner, more watery substance
Spatial movement of the pre eruptive stage?
The crown develops while the bottom of the socket fills in with bone, pushing the crown toward the surface
What kind of muscle is the tongue generally referred to as?
Skeletal or voluntary striated
Vertical group
Runs from top to bottom (dorsal to ventral)
Specialized Mucosa
Mucosa on the upper surface or dorsum of the tongue
Mucocele
Blisterlike lesion that is from Trauma to a minor salivary gland
What is root elongation?
Increase in root length, or root elongation, forces the tooth into the oral cavity
When is cementum first seen?
at the cervical line of the tooth, also known as the CEJ
Circumvallate or vallate papillae
V shaped row of circular raised papillae. There are about 13 elevations located about two thirds of the way back on the tongue with the point of the V facing backward
Ex- Taste buds, salty, sweet, sour, bitter
tooth eruption is -
multifactorial
Col
Part of the interdental papilla that is apical to the contact area that connects the facial and lingual interdental papilla
this is a very shallow groove or sulcus around the tooth
Post eruptive stage
Begins when the teeth come into occlusion and continues until they are lost or death occurs
If you contract the group that runs transverse, what happens to the tongue?
it may get a little thicker and longer
Amylase
Carbohydrate splitting enzyme that begins to break down starches into long chain sugars
Intrinsic
start and end wholly within the tongue.
4 groups: Superior longitudinal Inferior Longitudinal Transverse Vertical
free gingival groove
the extent of the free gingiva is usually readily seen because there may be a shallow groove on the gingival surface that corresponds to its depth
Transseptal Fibers
Run from the cementum to the interproximal portion of one tooth, across the alveolar crest of bone to the cementum of the interproximal portion of the adjacent tooth
this hold the teeth in interproximal contact
What arches does the tongue develop from?
The anterior two thirds of the tongue develop from two lateral lingual dwellings and a midline tuberculin impar from the first arch.
Posterior one third of the tongue develops from the copula and the third arch
The root of the tongue and epiglottis develop from the epiglottal swelling of the fourth arch
Mucous Acini
Mucous Secretion is slightly viscous because of the production of several mucins
Seromucous Acini
Produce both mucous and serous secretions
What are the 2 regions the gingiva is divided into?
Free (marginal)
attached
These two regions combine to form the peak of gingiva that is the interdental papilla
Inferior Longitudinal Group
Runs anterior to posterior but lies near the bottom or ventrum of the tongue
Ankylosis
a condition which the alveolar crest of the bone fuses in the cervical area with cementum of a resorbing root
What is the color of healthy gingiva?
Pink
but in a diseased state it might become reddish, white or have ulcerations or outgrowths of the mucosa
Excentric or off center growth
the crown of a tooth does not grow in a perfectly symmetrical pattern. The center of the tooth is shifting
Lining mucosa is made up of :
Alveolar mucosa buccal mucosa libial mucosa col gingival sulcus mucosa of soft palate sublingual gingiva and clventral surface of tongue
Transverse group
Runs from Side to side
interaddicular group
found only on multi rooted teeth. this runs from the alveolar crest of the. one between the roots of the tooth to adjacent cementum. resists the forces trying to remove the tooth
If you contract the vertical group, the tongue may…
get wider and longer
what is the role of the tooth itself?
it plays little if any role in eruption. because of developing teeth have been surgically removed and replaced by metal or silicone implants into the dental sac and these implants have erupted
Buccal Mucosa
The mucosa of the cheek is constantly traumatized by chewing. it will become thickened and keratinized in a line corresponding to the occlusal surfaces of the teeth (linea alba)
What happens in the pre eruptive stage?
This begins as the crown starts to develop
Eruptive movement associated with this varies as spatial or excentric
Interdental papilla
Two regions combine to form the peak of the gingiva that extends coronally between the teeth
It’s function is to prevent food from impacting interproximally beneath the contact area of the teeth
What are the 4 theories of the causes of tooth eruption?
Root elongation
Alveolar bone formation and changes
vascular pressure in dental tissues
the role of the tooth itself
Libial Mucosa
Trauma to mucosa of the lip may cause some thickening as in the cheek, but more frequently will cause trauma to minor salivary gland and cause a blisterlike lesion known as mucocele
Eruptive stage or pre-functional eruptive stage
Begins with the development of the root
the tooth breaks through the mucosal layer and emerges into oral cavity
this stage continues until erupting of teeth meet opposing teeth
tends to be occlusal, and facial more in anterior than posteriors
Spongy or cancellous bone
Between the cortical plate and the cribriform
this is a bone marrow
a radiograph will only show the cribriform plate, the spongy bone and the crest of the bone that joins two sockets is called the interproximal alveolar crest of bone
genioglossus
originates from the genial tubercles on the midline of the mandible and inserts into the midline of the tongue from the tip to the base. it aids in protrusion or depression of the tongue
Where does Secretory control come from?
Autonomic nervous system, particularly the parasympathetic nervous system and is tied to chewing, taste and smell
palatoglossus
runs from the anterior soft palate down and slightly foward into the lateral borders of the tongue. it elevates the posterior part of the tongue and pulls it slightly backward
What is cementum?
Cementum is a hard, yellowish substance covering the root of the tooth.
45-50% inorganic hydroxyapatite
50-55% organic components and water
Acini
Secretory end pieces
2 types- mucous and serous
Hairy tongue
Sometimes between the epithelial on the filiform papillae, it grows very long and traps between food and pigments originating oral bacateria and food.
xerostomia
“dry mouth”
if there is not enough body fluids, saliva production will be decreased and the mouth will become dry and a stimulus to drink more water.
what are the several ways the post eruptive stage functions?
- the mandible continues to grow and increase the space between the maxilla and mandible and the teeth continue to result to maintain balance in the arches
- the teeth wear oclusally because of prolonged masticatory stress and wear, they will continue to erupt to maintain tooth contact
- there is slight interproximal wear, there will be a sligh mesial eruptive force that keeps the teeth in contact
- if an opposing tooth is lost, the tooth may continue to erupt which is called supraeruption and can cause serious problems
Papillae
the tongue is covered with stratified squamous epithelium 4 types are- circumvallate or vallate papilla fungiform papillae filiform papillae foliate papilla
Extrinsic muscles
Four pairs of muscles - left and right
- Hyoglossus
- Styloglossus
- Palatoglossus
- genioglossus
Acellular cementum
All of the cementoblasts remain on surface rather than becoming trapped within the cementum
When does root formation begin?
it begins after the outline of the crown has been established but before the full crown is calcified.
The layers of OEE and IEE make up the epithelial root sheath and begin to undergo rapid mitotic division and grow deep into the underlying connective tissue
Lining mucosa
All other areas of mucosa
nonkeratinized to parakeratnized and is moveable
includes the mucosa of cheeks, lips and soft palate, floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, undersurface or ventral surface of the tongue and alveolar mucosa
Filiform Papillae
Remainder of the anterior two thirds of the tongue. It is covered with tiny pointed projections of parakaratinized to kerratinized epithelium.
Forms hairy tongue
Epithelia of these papillae are lost and surface in that area becomes very smooth- referred to as glottis
Alveolar Crest Group
Runs from the cementum, slightly apocal to the alveolar crest of bone. This helps resist horizontal movements of the teeth
hypercementosis
the cellular cementum at the apex of the root tends to increase in thickness with the passage of time and as a result causing stress thickening
this might make extraction more difficult
What are the two groups of the tongue muscle?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic
attached gingiva
tightly attached to the underlying connective tissue and bone
What fibers are found on multirooted teeth?
Alveolodental Fibers: Interradicular group
3 layers of Alveolar bone
Cortical plate
Cribriform playe or alveolar bone proper
spongy or cancellous bone
What are the PDL fiber groups?
Gingival
Transseptal
Alveolodental
Sublingual gingiva and central surface of tongue
Epithelium is very thin
Average depth of a healthy sulcus
When measured with probe- 2 mm - 3mm
Fungiform Papillae
Anterior two thirds of the tongue. have tiny round, raised spots
oblique group
Runs from the cementum coronally into the alveolar bone. the main fiber group for resisting occlusal stresses
The lining of the oral cavity is referred to as oral mucosa:
it is a stratified squamous epithelial arrangement that runs from the margins of the lips posteriorly to the area of the tonsils
what is vascular pressure in dental tissues?
Vascular pressures present enhance cellular activity but seem to have a direct eruptive role
