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Dental Anatomy > Exam 4: Review questions at end of chapters > Flashcards

Exam 4: Review questions at end of chapters Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Organelles of the cells

A 
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
microtubles/microfilament
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2
Q

Mitochondria

A

Responsible for energy production and for the rate at which cell uses energy (metabolism of cell)

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3
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Series of interconnecting tubules in the cell that are responsible for the manufacture of various products to be used inside or outside of the cell

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4
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

series of flattened saccules that produce a thin membrane to surround the material produced by the ER so it can be moved around the cell without mixing with the cytoplasm
“packages”

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5
Q

Lysosome

A

circular structure that acts as a scavenger for the cell

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6
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

“Drinking In”

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7
Q

What is the difference between cell organelles and cell inclusions?

A

Organelles are small functioning parts that allow the cell to remain alive and carry out its particular function

Inclusions are storage products in a cell not actually used to maintain the cell under normal circumstances

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8
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

keep the cellular fluid in and unnecessary foreign materials out

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9
Q

Define Epithelium

A

group of cells that makes up the skin and lines the inside of the tubes and cavities of the body.

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10
Q

Most common type of epithelium

A

Stratified Squamous

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11
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Ultrastructural part of a cell next to the cell wall that helps hold cells together

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12
Q

Where do glands come from?

A

Epithelium

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13
Q

How are glands classified?

A

Distributive mechanism
secretory mechanism
arrangement of components

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14
Q

Name embryonic germ layers. Which layer does epithelium come from?

A

Ectoderm, Entoderm, mesoderm

any of the three

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15
Q

components of irregular connective tissue

A

nerve and blood vessels

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16
Q

How do cartilage and bone differ?

A

Cartilage is noncalcified supporting component of the body
Bone is hard connective tissue that forms the framework of the body. the hardness is attributable to hydroxyapatite crystal

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17
Q

What is a haversian system?

A

system of blood vessels located within the bones to provide them with nourishment

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18
Q

what are components of endochondral bone development ?

A

cartilage is formed first, covered by perichondrium

As bone replaces cartilage it does in 2 sections. Epiphyses is the 2 end sections and diaphysis is center section

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19
Q

divisions of blood cells

A

erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets

20
Q

where do we find hemoglobin and what is its function?

A

Red blood cells
it had the ability to attach oxygen molecules to its structure and carry them from the lungs to the cells where oxygen is needed

21
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal (biceps in upper arm)
cardiac (heart)
smooth(lines digestive tract)

22
Q

myofibril

A

smaller cell components

23
Q

myofiber

A

each of the skeletal muscle cells has hundreds nuclei

24
Q

myofilament

A

smallest thick and thin filaments in a myofibril that are responsible for contraction

25
Q

what is a sacromere?

A

smallest functional unit of striated muscle fiber. composed of an A band with half of an I band at either end running from Z to Z

26
Q

how does skeletal muscle contract

A

the actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomeres of muscle fibres bind to create cross-bridges and slide past one another, creating a contraction.

27
Q

parts of a neuron

A

cell body
axon
dendrite

28
Q

afferent vs efferent

A

afferent: sensory msgs carried to the brain
efferent: carry messages from the brain

29
Q

Myelin sheath

A

protective covering around axons

30
Q

in what direction does a current message travel in a neuron?

A

one direction

31
Q

What is the first sign of tooth development and when is it seen?

A

6th embryonic week. The stratified squamous epithelkum begins thickening

32
Q

Oral epithelium is an example of what type of epithelial arrangement?

A

stratified squamous

33
Q

the enamel organ comes from what germ layer

A

bud stage

34
Q

what and when are the 3 stages of human development

A

Ovum period: fertilization-2 weeks of gestation

Embryo: 3-8 weeks

Fetus: 9-36 weeks

35
Q

which weeks do the lips form?

A

6th week

36
Q

buccopharyngeal membrane

A

membrane that separates the stomodem from foregut

4 1:2 weeks

37
Q

which processes form soft and hard palates and when do they form?

A

Maxillary process forms hard palate

mandibular forms soft

38
Q

epithelial rests

A

cells remain embedded in tissue.

these clumps will begin to multiply and form a sac of cells known as a cysts

39
Q

what is a cyst and if it is located on bone what might it do?

A

a cyst is filled with fluid

if it grows on bone it can distort the tissues

40
Q

what are unilateral and bilateral cleft palates?

A

a bilateral: lack of connective tissue migration between both maxillary processses and fused medial nasal process

unilateral: when only two palatial processes fuse with nasal septum

41
Q

when do cleft lips and palates form?

A

cleft lip 8th week

cleft palate between 7th and 11 week

42
Q

which muscles arise from the first pharyngeal arch?

A 
muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
anterior digastric 
tensor tympani
tesnor veli palitini

malleus and incus bones

43
Q

what pharyngeal arch do the muscles of facial expressions arise from and why do we know that?

A

Second arch

they were innervated by 7th cranial nerve

44
Q

what groups of muscles form the IV and VI arches?

A

muscles of larynx, pharynx, and soft palate

45
Q

Rathkes pouch?

A

upward growth of tissue that breaks loose from the oral cavity and comes into contact with downward growth of tissue from brain. This forms the anterior part of the pituitary gland

Dental Anatomy (5 decks)

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