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A & P 2 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Four layers of digestive tract from inside out

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle Layer
Serosa

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2
Q

(baby teeth) and how many?

A

Deciduous Teeth - 20

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3
Q

Number of permanent teeth

A

32

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4
Q

Ball-like mass of chewed food

A

Bolus

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5
Q

Anchors tongue to floor of mouth

A

Frenulum

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6
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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7
Q

paste-like food mixture

A

Chyme

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8
Q

Three layers of stomach muscle

A

longitudinal
circular
oblique

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9
Q

Three glands of stomach

A

Mucous cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells

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10
Q

Collective term for stomach cells (mucous, chief, parietal)

A

Gastric Juices

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11
Q

Stomach ulcer may be due to the bacteria _________

A

H. Pylori

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12
Q

Stomach protrudes through opening in diaphragm

A

Hiatal Hernia

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13
Q

Narrowing of pylori impeding the movement of chi into the small intestine.
Characterized by ___________ ________

A

Pyloric Stenosis

Projectile Vomiting

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14
Q

First part of small intestine

A

Duodenum

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15
Q

Where most digestion and absorption occurs.

A

Duodenum

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16
Q

Second part of small intestine

A

Jejunum

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17
Q

Third part of small intestine

A

ilium

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18
Q

The large intestine is approximately __ feet long

A

5 feet long

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19
Q

First part of large intestine

A

Cecum

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20
Q

First five parts of large intestine

A 
cecum
ascending colon
hepatic flexure
transverse colon
splenic flexure
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21
Q

Last five parts of large intestine

A 
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
anus
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22
Q

Four functions of large intestine

A

Absorbs water & electrolytes
synthesize vitamins & bacteria
temporary storage of waste
defecation

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23
Q

Functional unit of liver

A

Liver Lobules

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24
Q 
Functions of liver...
-Synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
-Storage of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_ vitamins
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of drugs and toxins
-Excretion of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Metabolism of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_
A

Synthesis of PLASMA PROTEINS
Storage of GLYCOGEN and FAT-SOLUBLE vitamins
DETOXIFICATION of drugs and toxins
Excretion of BILIRUBIN, CHOLESTEROL, DRUGS
Metabolism of CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, FATS

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25
Q

Another function of the liver is synthesis of ______ _____ and ______ secretion for fat digestion

A

Synthesis of BILE SALTS and BILE secretion for fat digestion

26
Q

Located under liver

A

Gallbladder

27
Q

Function of gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

28
Q

Inflammation of gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

29
Q

Accumulation of bile pigment in blood

A

Jaundice

30
Q

Three types of jaundice

A

Obstructive
Hemolytic
Hepatitis

31
Q

Portal hypertension may lead to ______

A

Ascites

32
Q

Digestion of carbs…

Polysaccharides –> ________ –> disaccharides –> __________ –> monosaccharides

A

Amylase

Disaccharidases

33
Q

Digestion of proteins…

Protein –> _____ –> unraveled protein –> __________ –> amino acids

A

HCI

Proteases

34
Q

Digestion of lipids…

Lipid globule –> _____ –> emulsified lipids –> _______ –> fatty acids/glycerol

A

Bile

Lipases

35
Q

Fourmost important excretory organs

A

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

36
Q

___-___% of cardiac output goes to kidneys

A

20-25%

37
Q

Functions of kidneys…
-Excretion of _____, ____ ____, _______ & ________
-Regulation of blood _______, blood ______ and ________
-_____/_____ balance
Regulation of ____ production

A
  • Excretion of UREA, URIC ACID AMMONIA & CREATININE
  • Regulation of blood VOLUME, blood PRESSURE and ELECTROLYTES
  • ACID/BASE balance
  • Regulation of RBC production
38
Q

Three components of urine formation

A

Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

39
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GRF)

A

125mL/min or 180L/day

40
Q

Tubular reabsorption…

  • ________ completely reabsorbed
  • ___% of water
  • ___% of urea
  • ________ is NOT reabsorbed
A

GLUCOSE completely reabsorbed
99% of water
50% of urea
CREATININE is not reabsorbed

41
Q

Aldosterone is secreted by the ______ ______.

A

Adrenal Cortex

42
Q

Aldosterone causes reabsorption of _______ and _____, and secretion of _________

A

reabsorption - SODIUM & WATER

secretion - POTASSIUM

43
Q

Final result of aldosterone

A

Increase in blood volume and pressure

44
Q

Characteristics of urine…

  • ___% water
  • pH: .
  • Specific Gravity: _.___ - _.___
A

95% water
pH: 6.0
Specific Gravity: 1.001 - 1.035

45
Q

Intracellular Compartments…

  • ___% of water
  • High concentration of _________, ________ and ________
A
  • 63% of water

- High concentration of POTASSIUM, PHOSPHATE and MAGNESIUM

46
Q

Extracellular Compartments…

  • ___% of water
  • High concentration of ______, _______ and _________.
A

37% of water

High concentration of SODIUM, CHLORIDE and BICARBONATE

47
Q

_____ _____ test: tenting indicates dehydration

A

Skin Turgor Test

48
Q

Chief extracellular cation

A

Sodium (Na+)

49
Q

Chief extracellular anion

A

Chloride (Cl-)

50
Q

Chief intracellular cation

A

Potassium (K+)

51
Q

_______: pH less than _.__

A

Acidosis:

52
Q

_______: pH greater than _.__

A

Alkalosis: >7.45

53
Q

Release of mature egg from _______ follicle

A

Graafian

54
Q

Follicular cells left behind in ovary

A

Corpus Luteum

55
Q

If egg is fertilized, corpus luteum continues to _______ _____.

A

secrete hormones

56
Q

If egg does not get fertilized, corpus lute degenerates into _______ _______.

A

corpus albicans

57
Q

Estrogen is secreted primarily by _________ cells

A

follicular cells

58
Q

Progesterone is secreted by _______ ______

A

corpus luteum

59
Q

Layer of endometrium that does NOT shed.

A

Basil layer (right next to myometrium)

60
Q

Layer of endometrium that is shed.

A

Functional layer

A & P 2 (4 decks)

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