Final Exam Flashcards
Four layers of digestive tract from inside out
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle Layer
Serosa
(baby teeth) and how many?
Deciduous Teeth - 20
Number of permanent teeth
32
Ball-like mass of chewed food
Bolus
Anchors tongue to floor of mouth
Frenulum
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
paste-like food mixture
Chyme
Three layers of stomach muscle
longitudinal
circular
oblique
Three glands of stomach
Mucous cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells
Collective term for stomach cells (mucous, chief, parietal)
Gastric Juices
Stomach ulcer may be due to the bacteria _________
H. Pylori
Stomach protrudes through opening in diaphragm
Hiatal Hernia
Narrowing of pylori impeding the movement of chi into the small intestine.
Characterized by ___________ ________
Pyloric Stenosis
Projectile Vomiting
First part of small intestine
Duodenum
Where most digestion and absorption occurs.
Duodenum
Second part of small intestine
Jejunum
Third part of small intestine
ilium
The large intestine is approximately __ feet long
5 feet long
First part of large intestine
Cecum
First five parts of large intestine
cecum ascending colon hepatic flexure transverse colon splenic flexure
Last five parts of large intestine
descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal anus
Four functions of large intestine
Absorbs water & electrolytes
synthesize vitamins & bacteria
temporary storage of waste
defecation
Functional unit of liver
Liver Lobules
Functions of liver... -Synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ -Storage of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_\_\_ vitamins -\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of drugs and toxins -Excretion of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Metabolism of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_
Synthesis of PLASMA PROTEINS
Storage of GLYCOGEN and FAT-SOLUBLE vitamins
DETOXIFICATION of drugs and toxins
Excretion of BILIRUBIN, CHOLESTEROL, DRUGS
Metabolism of CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, FATS
Another function of the liver is synthesis of ______ _____ and ______ secretion for fat digestion
Synthesis of BILE SALTS and BILE secretion for fat digestion
Located under liver
Gallbladder
Function of gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile
Inflammation of gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Accumulation of bile pigment in blood
Jaundice
Three types of jaundice
Obstructive
Hemolytic
Hepatitis
Portal hypertension may lead to ______
Ascites
Digestion of carbs…
Polysaccharides –> ________ –> disaccharides –> __________ –> monosaccharides
Amylase
Disaccharidases
Digestion of proteins…
Protein –> _____ –> unraveled protein –> __________ –> amino acids
HCI
Proteases
Digestion of lipids…
Lipid globule –> _____ –> emulsified lipids –> _______ –> fatty acids/glycerol
Bile
Lipases
Fourmost important excretory organs
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra
___-___% of cardiac output goes to kidneys
20-25%
Functions of kidneys…
-Excretion of _____, ____ ____, _______ & ________
-Regulation of blood _______, blood ______ and ________
-_____/_____ balance
Regulation of ____ production
- Excretion of UREA, URIC ACID AMMONIA & CREATININE
- Regulation of blood VOLUME, blood PRESSURE and ELECTROLYTES
- ACID/BASE balance
- Regulation of RBC production
Three components of urine formation
Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GRF)
125mL/min or 180L/day
Tubular reabsorption…
- ________ completely reabsorbed
- ___% of water
- ___% of urea
- ________ is NOT reabsorbed
GLUCOSE completely reabsorbed
99% of water
50% of urea
CREATININE is not reabsorbed
Aldosterone is secreted by the ______ ______.
Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone causes reabsorption of _______ and _____, and secretion of _________
reabsorption - SODIUM & WATER
secretion - POTASSIUM
Final result of aldosterone
Increase in blood volume and pressure
Characteristics of urine…
- ___% water
- pH: .
- Specific Gravity: _.___ - _.___
95% water
pH: 6.0
Specific Gravity: 1.001 - 1.035
Intracellular Compartments…
- ___% of water
- High concentration of _________, ________ and ________
- 63% of water
- High concentration of POTASSIUM, PHOSPHATE and MAGNESIUM
Extracellular Compartments…
- ___% of water
- High concentration of ______, _______ and _________.
37% of water
High concentration of SODIUM, CHLORIDE and BICARBONATE
_____ _____ test: tenting indicates dehydration
Skin Turgor Test
Chief extracellular cation
Sodium (Na+)
Chief extracellular anion
Chloride (Cl-)
Chief intracellular cation
Potassium (K+)
_______: pH less than _.__
Acidosis:
_______: pH greater than _.__
Alkalosis: >7.45
Release of mature egg from _______ follicle
Graafian
Follicular cells left behind in ovary
Corpus Luteum
If egg is fertilized, corpus luteum continues to _______ _____.
secrete hormones
If egg does not get fertilized, corpus lute degenerates into _______ _______.
corpus albicans
Estrogen is secreted primarily by _________ cells
follicular cells
Progesterone is secreted by _______ ______
corpus luteum
Layer of endometrium that does NOT shed.
Basil layer (right next to myometrium)
Layer of endometrium that is shed.
Functional layer
