Final exam Flashcards
What unique are on the dairy cow on the first slide
the world map
advantages of dairy farming
low risk
steady income
good use of forages
disadvantages of dairy farming
- labor intensive many hours
- high quality labor
- high equipment investment
- profit dependent on feed and input costs
Who is Babcock
scientist in 1890s
Babcock’s help to dairy industry
create test to tell if milk had been watered down by measuring amount of butterfat of separated milk in 100ml glass
Products of a dairy cow
milk cheese yogurt ice cream meat
what does a dairy cow have to produce in order to produce milk
a calf
male calf future
breeding stock
beef or veal
female calf future
replacement heifer
veal
top dairy states
california, wisconsin, new york, idaho, pennsylvania
why are dairy cows produced in the north
cooler temperatures to increase milk production, more forages of better quality, less pests
Cause of decrease in production in ‘08-‘09
the recession, farms going out of business because of it
why didnt the rate per cow change like the other graphs did in 08-09?
because the rate per cow on farms that remained open was not changed by the fall of other farms
why is fluid milk marketing very regulated, organized and priced
- originates when small dairies prevalent to maintain milk production in spite of economic crisis
- expensive to get into dairy so govt subsidize to protect farmers from market fluctuations
Why has the milk price uncoupled from the subsidized price?
???Fewer smaller farms more large farms who can withstand market fluxuation
Trends for cheese production
increasing
trend for ice cream production
remain constant
why are there more Holstein herds than other breeds
Significantly higher milk yield 19,324 lbs, lower fat percent (3.66%) protein percent (3.20%)
holstein vs other breeds
other breeds have higher protein and fat % but lower milk yield and therefore lower herd #
dairy management goals
- 20000 lbs per year
- calving interval of 13 months
- few health problems
- low calf loss
Difference between free stall system, tie-stalls or stanchions?
stanchion had head grasp
free stall raised bedding area divide cows by production type so fed properly for type
What are the different types of milking parlors
double herringbone parlor, parallel parlor, step up, rotary
what type of parlor is likely to be used on large farms
rotary milking parlor
how often should a cow produce a calf and be rebred
she should produce a cow every 12 months and be rebred within 85 days
why do we allow dairy cows to have a dry period?
to allow her mammary glands to rehabilitate
What happens to a cows body weight at peak production time (2.5 months)?
Her body weight drops drastically and levels out because she is using her stored fat to make milk
Body condition score
subjeuctive evaluation of how fat a cow is
what BCS do cows have at different lactation cycle stages
Calving= 3.5
peak lactation = 2.0
midlactation= 2.5
start of dry period= 3.5
What is a TMR diet
total mixed rations (all rations mixed together)
dairy cow % forgaes
high producing cows: 50
dry cow: 60%
what are two factors that increase water consumption
DM/sodium intake
mean min temp
However, why are approximately 30% of the calves born each year progeny of first-calf heifers? What does that say about longevity in the herd and culling rate?
High culling rate, 30% slaughtered each year, longevity 3 years because how hard pushed to produce
Environmental factors that influence productivity
equipment & housing management & care nutrition disease injury stress
poikilotherms
do not regulate their body temperature well
fish, young animals esp. poultry
