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Animal Sciences 102 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

immature female bovine (cattle)

A

Heifer

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2
Q

mature female bovine (cattle)

A

cow

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3
Q

immature female porcine (pigs)

A

gilt

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4
Q

mature female porcine (pigs)

A

sow

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5
Q

immature female equine

A

filly

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6
Q

mature female equine

A

mare

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7
Q

immature female ovine (sheep)

A

ewe lamb

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8
Q

mature female ovine (sheep)

A

ewe

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9
Q

definition of immature female

A

female that has not given birth to young

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10
Q

definition of mature female

A

having given at least one birth

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11
Q

parity definition

A

number of times a female has given birth

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12
Q

Gestation

A

time from fertilization until birth

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13
Q

partuition

A

act of giving birth

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14
Q

ovum (oocyte)

A

egg is female haploid cell (gamete)

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15
Q

follicle

A

developing ovum, fluid, and surrounding cells

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16
Q

female repro tract funtions

A

1) reproduction
- produce mature oocyte
- transport sperm
2) provide support for embryo and fetus
3) parturition
4) urination

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17
Q

Vulva

A

outer portion of the vagina

-funtion: external female genitalia

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18
Q

vagina

A
  • part of brith canal
  • protect uterus from infection
  • site of semen deposit in some animals
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19
Q

cervix

A

thick muscular organ

-isolate uterus from external enviro during pregnancy

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20
Q

uterus

A
  • 2 sections: body and horns

- houses fetus

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21
Q

ovaries

A

egg production and hormone production

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22
Q

oviduct

A

tube connect ovary to uterus

  • site of fertilizaton
  • facilitates sperm & ovum transport
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23
Q

sow cervix

A

interdigitating prominences (fits a cork screw)

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24
Q

cow cervix

A

3-4 annular rings

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25
Q

cat and dog cervix

A

one fold

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26
Q

bovine (cow) gestation length

A

282 dayts

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27
Q

porcine (pig) gestation length

A

115 days

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28
Q

equine (horse) gestation length

A

336 days

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29
Q

ovine (sheep) gestation length

A

148 days

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30
Q

human gestation length

A

336 days

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31
Q

species with Bicornate uterus

A

bovine (cow)
porcine (pig
ovine (sheep)

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32
Q

species with bipartite

33
Q

species with simplex

34
Q

species with duplex

A

rabbits marsupials

35
Q

Endocrinology

A

study of secretions by endocrine glands and their related disorders

36
Q

Endocrine gland

A

ductless gland secreting a substance into the blood or lymph which acts on a target tissue

37
Q

hormone

A

substance secreted by a cell or gland acting on a tissue

-act as distance messenger

38
Q

Luteinizing Hormones

A
  • Anterior Pituitary

- stimulate ovulation

39
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A
  • anterior pituitary

- stimulate follicle growth in ovary

40
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • produced in hypothalamus
  • store in post. pituitary
  • stimulate milk excretion
  • uterine contraction
41
Q

hypothalamus

A

part of brain

42
Q

pituitary gland

A

come off of brain

43
Q

primary follicle

A

undeveloped

44
Q

tertiary follicle

A

large and surrounded by fluid and has more cells

45
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

A

spike and stimulate ovulation

46
Q

Estradiol

A

increase prior to LH spike causing estrus

-produced in ovary

47
Q

Progesterone

A
  • produced in corpus luteum (ovary)
  • maintain pregancy
  • maintain the lining of the uterus
48
Q

oocyte viability

A

12-24 hours after ovulation

49
Q

sperm viability

A

48-72 hours

50
Q

when to breed females

A

towards the end of estrus

51
Q

diffuse placenta

A

almost entire surface involved in formation of placenta

-horse and pigs

52
Q

cotyledonary placentation

A
  • multiple discrete areas of attachment
  • interaction with endometrium
  • ruminants
53
Q

zonary

A

complete or incomplete band of tissue surrounding fetus

-dogs and cats elephants and bears

54
Q

Discoid

A

single placenta formed and is disc like in shape

55
Q

beef production world ranking

56
Q

trend in beef consumption

A

decrease steadily

  • Mad Cow disease in meat
  • more expensive (cant afford because recession)
57
Q

Backgrounding

A

putting calves that are too small to go to feedlots

58
Q

location of cow-calf operations

59
Q

location of feedlot operations

A

plains: Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas

60
Q

efficiency factors between low and high cost producers

A
  • cost per head
  • calves weaned
  • weaning lbs
  • debt per cow
  • net income per cow
61
Q

why feedlots located in plains states

A
  • close to herd
  • climate
  • close to feed
  • far from people
62
Q

old method of selling cattle

63
Q

modern method of selling cattle

A

terminal markets

direct markets

64
Q

British Breeds

A
  • angus hereford
  • from england/ scotland
  • Bos Taurus
  • high fat content, good marbling and calm
65
Q

euro breeds

A
  • limousin, belgian blue

- grow fast, more muscle, less fat

66
Q

Bos Indicus breeds

A
  • from africa

- tolerate poor conditions

67
Q

US breeds

A

Beefmaster, Santa Gertrudis, Charbray, Brangus

68
Q

ranching

A

large pasture farms

Wyoming

69
Q

farming

A

small operations

Indiana

70
Q

cycles of profit and loss in beef

A

profitability and weather

follow shortly behind number cycles

71
Q

cow calf production goals

A
  • 90-95% calf crop
  • 550-600 weaning weight by 205 days
  • bred back w/in 60 days
  • sell USDA Choice calves
72
Q

how long do cows have to rebreed

73
Q

black baldies

A

white face offspring of herford x angus

74
Q

why have holsteins on feedlot

A

leaner meat

75
Q

feeder

A

animals raised/sold for feedlot program

76
Q

stocker

A

animals raised to be backgrounded before going to a feedlot

77
Q

beef feedlot preconditioning

A

castrated
dehorned
vaccinated

78
Q

feedlot performance of steers vs heifers

A

heifers normally weigh less to start and take longer to put on weight
-cost of gain higher in heifers

79
Q

medicines beef used for

A

insulin, thyroid, childbirth, upset stomach, prevent clots, anemia

Animal Sciences 102 (4 decks)

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