Exam 3 Flashcards
Swine beginnings in US
Columbus in 1493
DeSoto in 1539
2 big swine processing plants 1800 and why decentralize
Cincinnati and Chicago
-companies have own processing plants
US pork rankings
1st in exports
3rd largest producer
5th larges importer
Why NC large pork producer?
NC legislation make swine farming appealing
swine birth weight
3-4 lbs
swine farrow to wean
21 days 10-15 lbs
35-50 lbs feeder pigs in nursery
swine continuous flow systems
mixing groups moving them to different buildings
swine All-in All-out
keep same group of swine together from birth to finish so not to intro new diseases
swine phase feeding
having multiple diet formulations optimized for each phase of growth
swine split-sex feeding
feeding gilts different from barrows to optimize growth
swine performance goals
- less than 2% mortality
- pigs weaned 8-9+
- age at 250 lb less than 180 days
swine big difference between small and large farms litter size
big farm better genetics and 24hr care
swine low investment operations
pasture systems
feeding out feeder pigs
swine high investment operations
farrow to finish operations
AI in swine industry
use AI, have sire farms no frozen
swine white breeds
yorkshire, landrace, chester white
swine sire breeds
hampshire, Durroc, spotted, poland
terminal cross
crossbreeding of breeds for traits
largest swine producers
Smithfield/ Murphy Farms
aquaculture
farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscus, crustaceans, and aquatic plants
types of aquaculture
food fish baitfish ornamental fish sport fish fee fishing
baitfish species
fathead minnows
golden shiners
pond stocking
channel catfish
bluegill
trout
ornamental species
goldfish, angelfish, guppies
fish efficiency converting food into meat
1.5 lb feed = 1 lb fish meat
why catfish in south and trout in Idaho?
catfish need warm water and trout need called water
stages of fish growth
- securing and spawning
- hatching of eggs
- growing fry to produce fingerlings
- stocking and grow out of fingerlings to marketable size
different types fish farms
- ponds
- cages and pens
- raceways
- water re-use systems
RAS
Recirculating Aquaculture System
why have biological filtration
to air rate the water
what do bacteria remove from system
carbon dioxide
animal breeding definition
selescting sires and dams assigning them to matings and producing offsprings
successful definition
consistently producing animals that are desired by the market place at a cost lower than their competition
animal breeding= domestication?
no
generations before cross= breed purity
3 generations = 7/8 purebred
decrease or increase homozygous
want to increase in breeding for more predictable right
hybrid vigor
cross between 2 breeds that allows the offspring to have qualities superior to their parents
different breeding methods
crossbreeding, random breeding, inbreeding, out breeding
crossbreeding
obtaining dominant, exploit hybrid vigor
random breeding
less labor and maintenance
inbreeding
increase homozygous genetic pairs, increase uniformity
