Final Exam

Question 1

Hormones are chemical messengers from endocrine glands that travel in the blood

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Hormones only come in contact with their specific receptor sites on specific cells in the body

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Plasma levels of specific hormones fluctuate throughout the day

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Steroid hormones exert their action by

Answer 4

Entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene

Question 5

Insulin, a small (51-amino acid) protein is released

Answer 5

hen the body’s glucose level rises

Question 6

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates through

Answer 6

Binding to specific receptors to trigger G protein and cAMP

Question 7

Secretion of hormones is regulated by

Answer 7

a negative feedback system

Question 8

When it comes necessary to enlist the “fight or flight” response, one of the following hormones is released during the initial alarm phase:

Answer 8

nonepinephrine

Question 9

One of the following organs is both an endocrine and an exocrine organ

Answer 9

pancreas

Question 10

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 11

ADH conserves body water during exercises by:

Answer 11

increasing water permeability of renal tubules

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

Answer 12

nonepinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Answer 13

insulin

Question 14

The T3 and T4 hormones of the thyroid do NOT

Answer 14

enhance lipogenesis

Question 15

Growth hormone

Answer 15

promotes long bone growth through the formative years

Question 16

ADH

Answer 16

decreases urine production

Question 17

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Answer 17

increase the metabolic rate via enhancing glycolysis and glycogenesis

Question 18

Prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations cause a phenomenon known as:

Answer 18

down-regulation

Question 19

Which of the following is not a change that may be cause by hormonal stimulus?

Answer 19

direct control of the nervous system

Question 20

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on

Answer 20

the presence of the appropriate receptor on the cells of the target tissue organ

Question 21

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and other hormones) enable the body to deal with stress by:

Answer 21

increasing blood glucose, fatty acids, amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

Question 22

Catecholamines and other peptide hormones bind to receptors on the surface of the cells that comprise target organs. This binding causes

Answer 22

adenylate cyclase to generate cyclic AMP cascade

Question 23

In certain circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ, which is known as:

Answer 23

up-regulation

Question 24

Which organ does not have a hormone production?

Answer 24

liver

Question 25

aldosterone:

Answer 25

functions to increase blood sodium retention

Question 26

Which of the following is true about calcium homeostasis

Answer 26

Parathyroid hormone is the most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood

Question 27

ACTH stands for:

Answer 27

adrenocorticotropin and effects the adrenal cortex

Question 28

The catecholamines are mainly produced by:

Answer 28

the adrenal medulla

Question 29

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by:

Answer 29

the kidneys

Question 30

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of:

Answer 30

cortisol

Question 31

the beta cells of the pancreas synthesize

Answer 31

insulin

Question 32

Which of the following hormones works to increase the amount of circulating plasma glucose?

Answer 32

cortisol, catecholamines, glucagon

Question 33

Which of the following hormones is released from the thyroid gland?

Answer 33

thyroxine

Question 34

Which of the following hormones does NOT aid in the increase of glucose metabolism?

Answer 34

erythropoietin

Question 35

Renin is a hormone released by:

Answer 35

the kidneys involved in fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 36

During long duration steady exercise (e.g. 3 hours) which two hormones continue to noticeably rise throughout the exercise bout?

Answer 36

epinephrine and nonepinephrine

Question 37

The alpha-cells of the pancreas produce ______ when plasma levels of glucose are ______ normal

Answer 37

glucagon;below

Question 38

Mineralocorticoids aid in the maintenance of

Answer 38

electrolyte balance in extracellular fluids

Question 39

A hormone directly responsible for increasing the rate and force of contraction of the heart is:

Answer 39

nonepinephrine

Question 40

The hormone most responsible for bone resorption of calcium is _____, which is countered the hormone ______ which is responsible for calcium deposition in the bone

Answer 40

parathyroid hormone; calcitonin

Question 41

What are the signs of the female athlete triad?

Answer 41

amenorrhea, osteoporosis, eating disorder

Question 42

The most logical hormones affected by the female athlete triad are:

Answer 42

follicle-stimulating hormone, leutinizing hormone, estrogen

Question 43

Which is NOT true of the adrenal medulla

Answer 43

releases aldosterone

Question 44

"IGF" stands for:

Answer 44

insulin-like growth factor

Question 45

Which is true about IGF-I?

Answer 45

it signals for protein synthesis

Question 46

The causes of amenorrhea

Answer 46

extreme weight loss, eating disorders, breastfeeding, stress

Question 47

The adrenal cortex can release androgens, estrogens, and progesterones

Answer 47

True

Question 48

The most recognized mineralocorticoid hormone is:

Answer 48

aldosterone

Question 49

What do glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and nonepinephrine all have in common

Answer 49

they increase glucose metabolism

Question 50

Which of the following organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Answer 50

the pancrease