Exam # 1 Bone Section Flashcards
The structure of bones suits its functions. Which of the following type of bone is adapted to withstand stress?
trabecular bone
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of:
fat
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the:
osteoblast
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
In bone formation, a deficiency of growth hormone will cause:
decrease proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the
diaphysis
The term diploe refers to:
the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue:
The pelvis is the most often used source for blood-forming tissue
Factor relevant in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis:
weight-bearing exercises
Ossification of the ends of long bones:
is characterized by secondary ossification
Cartilage is found in strategic places in human skeleton. What is the responsible for the resilience of cartilage?
water
The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is:
hyaline
The functional unit of compact bone is:
the osteon
Bones are covered and lined by a protection tissue called the:
periosteum
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of:
blood vessels and nerve fibers
The small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live are called:
lacunae
The intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteoclast
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
parathyroid hormone
Vertebrae are considered ______ bones
irregular
The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40
reflects an imbalance in the bone remodeling process
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows
from the diaphysis to the epiphysis
Spongy bones are made up of a framework called:
trabeculae
The osteoid portion of the bone matrix is important in providing all but:
hardness
Growth of bones is controlled by symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?
growth hormone
Wolff’s law is concerned with:
the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
The fracture type in which the ends are incompletely separated is
greenstick
What are the three zones in epiphyseal growth plate?
- Growth Zone
- Transformation Zone
- Osteogenic Zone
What is the growth zone?
Cartilage cells undergo mitosis
What is the transformation zone?
Older cells enlarge; matrix becomes calcified; cartilage cells die; matrix begins deteriorating
What is the osteogenic zone?
New bone formation is occuring
Define osteoporosis.
Disorder of the bone where bone resorption out spaces bone deposit. Affects mainly postmenopausal women. Can be treated with calcium, vitamin D, and weight bearing exercises.
Define rickets.
Insufficient calcium or vitamin D activation in children causes a disorder that causes deformities of the bones.
Demineralization causes softening of the bones and lack of epiphyseal plate calcification.
Define osteomalacia.
Adult form of rickets; osteoids are produced but calcium salts are not deposited so bones soften and weaken
What are the four stages of bone healing?
- Hematoma formation
- Cartilaginous callus formation
- Bony callus formation
- Bone remodeling
Describe the physiological activity in hematoma formation
When bone is injured, blood vessels and periosteum are torn, resulting in hematoma, with resultant inflamation
Describe the physiological activity in Cartilaginous callus formation OR soft callus formation
the callus acts as a “splint” holding the two bones together.
Describe the physiological activity in Bony callus formation
Osteoblasts activity results in bony callus formation. New bone trabeculae begin to appear and convert it to bony hard callus. This begins within 3-4 weeks after injury, and a firm union forms after 2-3 months later
Describe the physiological activity in Bone remodeling
Bone remodeling continues after bony callus forms, remodeling the callus. The final structure then resembles the original bone because they respond to the same stress.
