Exam # 1 Bone Section

Question 1

The structure of bones suits its functions. Which of the following type of bone is adapted to withstand stress?

Answer 1

trabecular bone

Question 2

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of:

Answer 2

fat

Question 3

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the:

Answer 3

osteoblast

Question 4

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

Answer 4

hyaline cartilage

Question 5

In bone formation, a deficiency of growth hormone will cause:

Answer 5

decrease proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage

Question 6

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the

Answer 6

diaphysis

Question 7

The term diploe refers to:

Answer 7

the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Question 8

Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue:

Answer 8

The pelvis is the most often used source for blood-forming tissue

Question 9

Factor relevant in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis:

Answer 9

weight-bearing exercises

Question 10

Ossification of the ends of long bones:

Answer 10

is characterized by secondary ossification

Question 11

Cartilage is found in strategic places in human skeleton. What is the responsible for the resilience of cartilage?

Answer 11

water

Question 12

The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is:

Answer 12

hyaline

Question 13

The functional unit of compact bone is:

Answer 13

the osteon

Question 14

Bones are covered and lined by a protection tissue called the:

Answer 14

periosteum

Question 15

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of:

Answer 15

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 16

The small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live are called:

Answer 16

lacunae

Question 17

The intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

Answer 17

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue

Question 18

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

Answer 18

osteoclast

Question 19

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

Answer 19

parathyroid hormone

Question 20

Vertebrae are considered ______ bones

Answer 20

irregular

Question 21

The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40

Answer 21

reflects an imbalance in the bone remodeling process

Question 22

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows

Answer 22

from the diaphysis to the epiphysis

Question 23

Spongy bones are made up of a framework called:

Answer 23

trabeculae

Question 24

The osteoid portion of the bone matrix is important in providing all but:

Answer 24

hardness

Question 25

Growth of bones is controlled by symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

Answer 25

growth hormone

Question 26

Wolff's law is concerned with:

Answer 26

the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

Question 27

The fracture type in which the ends are incompletely separated is

Answer 27

greenstick

Question 28

What are the three zones in epiphyseal growth plate?

Answer 28

1. Growth Zone 2. Transformation Zone 3. Osteogenic Zone

Question 29

What is the growth zone?

Answer 29

Cartilage cells undergo mitosis

Question 30

What is the transformation zone?

Answer 30

Older cells enlarge; matrix becomes calcified; cartilage cells die; matrix begins deteriorating

Question 31

What is the osteogenic zone?

Answer 31

New bone formation is occuring

Question 32

Define osteoporosis.

Answer 32

Disorder of the bone where bone resorption out spaces bone deposit. Affects mainly postmenopausal women. Can be treated with calcium, vitamin D, and weight bearing exercises.

Question 33

Define rickets.

Answer 33

Insufficient calcium or vitamin D activation in children causes a disorder that causes deformities of the bones. Demineralization causes softening of the bones and lack of epiphyseal plate calcification.

Question 34

Define osteomalacia.

Answer 34

Adult form of rickets; osteoids are produced but calcium salts are not deposited so bones soften and weaken

Question 35

What are the four stages of bone healing?

Answer 35

1. Hematoma formation 2. Cartilaginous callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling

Question 36

Describe the physiological activity in hematoma formation

Answer 36

When bone is injured, blood vessels and periosteum are torn, resulting in hematoma, with resultant inflamation

Question 37

Describe the physiological activity in Cartilaginous callus formation OR soft callus formation

Answer 37

the callus acts as a "splint" holding the two bones together.

Question 38

Describe the physiological activity in Bony callus formation

Answer 38

Osteoblasts activity results in bony callus formation. New bone trabeculae begin to appear and convert it to bony hard callus. This begins within 3-4 weeks after injury, and a firm union forms after 2-3 months later

Question 39

Describe the physiological activity in Bone remodeling

Answer 39

Bone remodeling continues after bony callus forms, remodeling the callus. The final structure then resembles the original bone because they respond to the same stress.