Final Exam Flashcards
Traditional walking city
high density
mixed use
automobile dependent city
low density
separated uses
decentralized
transit city
mixed density
mixed use
grid based, centralized
responses to problems: household strategies
increase resources
limit consumption
Public housing problems
subsidized, small spaces that are poorly maintained, unaffordable to many
commercial private sector
high cost, unclear ownership rights, access to credit difficult so it is only for elite
self help housing
lower cost, uncertain legal status, threat of demolition
Urban governance problem solutions
decentralization and reform, participation of community in policy, multilevel governance
responses to the problems of sustainable urban development: 3 basic criteria
quality of life of residents
scale of non renewable resource use
scale and nature of renewable resource use
brown and green agenda
to balance localized effects of degradation vs delayed regional
Environmental degradation
industrial and human waste pile up in rivers and lagoons, and there is a demand for timber near cities. levels of toxins in water escalate and cause health problems
_________ was seen as a cause of poverty and disease
moral degeneration
__________ of population leads to anomie
heterogeneity
who represented the root of the problem of the industrial city from a historical perspective?
immigrants
the main obstacle to civic order became ________
crime
in the post war city, change in households led to _____________.
feminization of poverty and homelessness
explain how “poverty comes as a package”
low income, poor diet, poor environment, poor health, cheap housing and psychological stress leads to economic, social and political disadvantages and wear on infrastructure
the most important thing to break the poverty cycle is?
education
spatial mismatch
large portion of minorities are trapped in central cities unable to afford housing or transportation to where the jobs are
how has spatial mismatch affected poverty?
low skilled manufacturing jobs have relocated from central cities to the suburbs
3 main components for criminal violence to occur
motivated offender
absence of capable guardian
presence of suitable victim
peak of concentration of offenders’ residences is where?
the worst slums
true or false: violent crime differs among cities but not within them
true
T or F: most of homicide victims and defendants are drug users
T
defensible space theory
creating a sense of community will increase the effectiveness of informal social control; in turn this will reduce crime
the effects of criminal violence on urban life
concerns for housing value, reduces quality of life, prevents in migration of young professionals, causes disinvestment
_________ is the most aggravated state of poverty
homelessness
define homelessness
not having customary or regular access to conventional dwelling; a state of disaffiliation without ties to family friends or neighbors
new homeless
younger, mixed race, women and kids
causes of homelessness
excess demand for cheapest accommodation
cutback on welfare services
deinstitutionalization of mentally ill
unemployment
two main dimensions of water supply problem
quantity and quality
infrastructure problems: transportation
the urban infrastructure of roads bridges and parking power and gas lines etc is crucial to economic efficiency and productivity but also to public health safety and quality of life
Brownfield sites
abandoned industrial or commercial facilities when real or perceived contamination complicates redevelopment
greyfield sites
abondoned sites without known environmental issues
greenfield sites
at the periphery of cities need to be protected from uncontrolled development
Brown agenda
Concerned with immediate localized and health related effects
Green Agenda
Concerned more with delayed dispersed and ecological effects
