Final Exam

Question 1

Traditional walking city

Answer 1

high density

mixed use

Question 2

automobile dependent city

Answer 2

low density
separated uses
decentralized

Question 3

transit city

Answer 3

mixed density
mixed use
grid based, centralized

Question 4

responses to problems: household strategies

Answer 4

increase resources

limit consumption

Question 5

Public housing problems

Answer 5

subsidized, small spaces that are poorly maintained, unaffordable to many

Question 6

commercial private sector

Answer 6

high cost, unclear ownership rights, access to credit difficult so it is only for elite

Question 7

self help housing

Answer 7

lower cost, uncertain legal status, threat of demolition

Question 8

Urban governance problem solutions

Answer 8

decentralization and reform, participation of community in policy, multilevel governance

Question 9

responses to the problems of sustainable urban development: 3 basic criteria

Answer 9

quality of life of residents
scale of non renewable resource use
scale and nature of renewable resource use

Question 10

brown and green agenda

Answer 10

to balance localized effects of degradation vs delayed regional

Question 11

Environmental degradation

Answer 11

industrial and human waste pile up in rivers and lagoons, and there is a demand for timber near cities. levels of toxins in water escalate and cause health problems

Question 12

_________ was seen as a cause of poverty and disease

Answer 12

moral degeneration

Question 13

__________ of population leads to anomie

Answer 13

heterogeneity

Question 14

who represented the root of the problem of the industrial city from a historical perspective?

Answer 14

immigrants

Question 15

the main obstacle to civic order became ________

Answer 15

crime

Question 16

in the post war city, change in households led to _____________.

Answer 16

feminization of poverty and homelessness

Question 17

explain how “poverty comes as a package”

Answer 17

low income, poor diet, poor environment, poor health, cheap housing and psychological stress leads to economic, social and political disadvantages and wear on infrastructure

Question 18

the most important thing to break the poverty cycle is?

Answer 18

education

Question 19

spatial mismatch

Answer 19

large portion of minorities are trapped in central cities unable to afford housing or transportation to where the jobs are

Question 20

how has spatial mismatch affected poverty?

Answer 20

low skilled manufacturing jobs have relocated from central cities to the suburbs

Question 21

3 main components for criminal violence to occur

Answer 21

motivated offender
absence of capable guardian
presence of suitable victim

Question 22

peak of concentration of offenders’ residences is where?

Answer 22

the worst slums

Question 23

true or false: violent crime differs among cities but not within them

Answer 23

true

Question 24

T or F: most of homicide victims and defendants are drug users

Answer 24

T

Question 25

defensible space theory

Answer 25

creating a sense of community will increase the effectiveness of informal social control; in turn this will reduce crime

Question 26

the effects of criminal violence on urban life

Answer 26

concerns for housing value, reduces quality of life, prevents in migration of young professionals, causes disinvestment

Question 27

_________ is the most aggravated state of poverty

Answer 27

homelessness

Question 28

define homelessness

Answer 28

not having customary or regular access to conventional dwelling; a state of disaffiliation without ties to family friends or neighbors

Question 29

new homeless

Answer 29

younger, mixed race, women and kids

Question 30

causes of homelessness

Answer 30

excess demand for cheapest accommodation
cutback on welfare services
deinstitutionalization of mentally ill
unemployment

Question 31

two main dimensions of water supply problem

Answer 31

quantity and quality

Question 32

infrastructure problems: transportation

Answer 32

the urban infrastructure of roads bridges and parking power and gas lines etc is crucial to economic efficiency and productivity but also to public health safety and quality of life

Question 33

Brownfield sites

Answer 33

abandoned industrial or commercial facilities when real or perceived contamination complicates redevelopment

Question 34

greyfield sites

Answer 34

abondoned sites without known environmental issues

Question 35

greenfield sites

Answer 35

at the periphery of cities need to be protected from uncontrolled development

Question 36

Brown agenda

Answer 36

Concerned with immediate localized and health related effects

Question 37

Green Agenda

Answer 37

Concerned more with delayed dispersed and ecological effects