Final Exam Flashcards
Motherhood penalty
he economic and social disadvantages that working mothers face compared to childless women and men. Women’s earnings drop after having a child, men do not.
Intersectional Feminism
analysis of how race, class, and gender interact, creating a series of disadvantages for people
Race
a socially defined category, based on real or perceived biological differences between people
There is more genetic differences between a social race than there is similar
Ethnicity
socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history
prerequisite cases
determined what ethnicities were considered white
The One Drop case
The rule stated that anyone with any amount of African ancestry was Black
Internal Colonialism
the economic and political domination and subjugation of the minority group by controlling them within the nation
Assimilation
when the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream dominant group
Pluralism
pattern of intergroup relations that encourage racial and ethnic variation
Racial Ideologies
views based on race of how the world is and how is ought to be
Prejudice
a negative attitude towards an entire group of people
4 views of racism
Abstract Liberalism: applies equality but ignores historical context
Naturalization: explains racism as natural
Cultural racism: excuses racism for cultural differences or stereotypes
Minimization of Racism: pretends racism is not a big issue anymore
Restrictive Covenants
people were prevented from moving into certain neighborhoods
Redlining
banks refused to approve mortgages to buyers wishing to purchase homes in “hazardous” neighborhoods
Color blindness
the assertion we should not or are not making decisions based on race, when we are implicitly doing so
Gideon v. Wainwright
if you cannot hire a lawyer, you can get one free of charge (public defenders)
Plea Bargaining
when prosecutors and defenders negotiate charge penalties outside the courtroom
White men are more likely to have their initial more serious charges dropped than black men
Labeling Theory
emphasizes that deviance and crime are not inherent but are determined by how society reacts to certain behaviors and individuals
differential association theory
Criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others, particularly within intimate groups, and that individuals become delinquent when they have more definitions favorable to law violations than unfavorable ones
inter vs intragenerational
“Intergenerational” refers to interactions or phenomena between different generations, while “intragenerational” refers to those that occur within the same generation
