Exam #2

Question 1

Social Constructs

Answer 1

shared interpretation of reality that vary across time and space

• binary, signifier, categories, associations, sequences, hierarchies

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

way of life, language, food, beauty standards, hand gestures, styles, food, music

Question 3

Cultural objects

Answer 3

the stop sign

Question 4

Cultural cognition

Answer 4

red means stop

Question 5

Cultural practices

Answer 5

facing the elevator door

Question 6

Cultural bodies

Answer 6

move foot to break when approaching intersection

Question 7

Material culture

Answer 7

tools, buildings, utensils, artwork

Question 8

Symbolic culture

Answer 8

Values, norms, languages, gestures, signs/symbols, sanctions

Question 9

Sanctions

Answer 9

positive or negative reactions to the ways people follow or disobey norms

like a smile or nod, or a parking ticket

Question 10

Dominant culture

Answer 10

practiced by the group most powerful in terms of wealth, prestige, status, and influence

Question 11

Subculture

Answer 11

group that is differentiated by distinct values and norms

Question 12

Counterculture

Answer 12

openly rejects and opposes societies and values

Question 13

Ethnocentrism

Answer 13

People use their culture as a way to evaluate another group often leading to the view as abnormal

Question 14

Cultural relativisms

Answer 14

the idea that cultures have their own values and beliefs, and that these should be understood within their own cultural context

Question 15

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 15

the structure of a language/thought process determines ones perception and categorization of experience

Question 16

Dramaturgy

Answer 16

theoretical POV based on the analogy the face-to-face interactions are like a theatrical performance

Question 17

Sign Vehicles

Answer 17

various elements of a person’s personality, appearance, behavior, and social setting used to convey info to others

Question 18

Interaction

Answer 18

the reciprocal influence of individuals upon one another’s action when in one another’s immediate physical presence

Question 19

Performance

Answer 19

all the activity of a given occasion which serves to influence in anyway any of the other participants

Question 20

Front-stage

Answer 20

part of performance that functions in a general and fixed fashion to define the situation for those who observe the performance

Question 21

Back-stage

Answer 21

impression fostered by the performance is knowingly contradicted as a matter of course

Question 22

Miscegenation

Answer 22

Negative term describing
sexual relationships or reproduction between people of different ethnic groups, especially when one of them is white

Question 23

Disciplined preferences

Answer 23

internalized romantic tastes produced through social practices

Question 24

Border patrolling

Answer 24

discrimination that stems from the belief that people should stick to their own race

Question 25

Types of norms

Answer 25

Folkway: expected but not punished for violating More: carries moral significance related to core values that offer repercussions for violators Taboo: engrained so deeply that violating it invokes disgust or horror

Question 26

Gesture

Answer 26

any act that elicits a response

Question 27

Significant Gesture

Answer 27

a deeper meaning beyond the movement itself

Question 28

I

Answer 28

the agent-actor, self that actually acts, impulsive and natural

Question 29

Me

Answer 29

self that imagines the responses of others to our conduct, who we think we are

Question 30

Impression management

Answer 30

present ourselves in ways designed to manage the impressions we give others

Question 31

Dramaturgical analysis + 6 elements

Answer 31

we are all actors playing roles in social interactions Front, backstage, performer, audience, defensive/protective practices

Question 32

The personal front

Answer 32

Age, sex, looks, posture, speech patterns, body language, etc

Question 33

Defensive Practices

Answer 33

excusing yourself for burping at the dinner table

Question 34

Protective Practices

Answer 34

not laughing at someone for burping at the dinner table

Question 35

Socialization 4 main agents

Answer 35

process of learning and internalizing beliefs, values, and norms of our social group Family, school, peers, mass media

Question 36

Status

Answer 36

position in society that comes with specific expectations

Question 37

Roles

Answer 37

set of behaviors expected from the specific status

Question 38

Ascribed status

Answer 38

born with and unlikely to change

Question 39

Achieved status

Answer 39

earned through individual efforts or imposed by others

Question 40

Role conflict

Answer 40

roles associated with one status class collide with another ex: a mother being a student

Question 41

Role strain

Answer 41

roles associated with a single status crashed ex: student who needs to study gets invited to a party

Question 42

Role exit example

Answer 42

student needing to study goes to party instead

Question 43

Identity

Answer 43

master status that overrides all others and affects all other statuses we posses

Question 44

Binary (SC)

Answer 44

categories seen as opposites

Question 45

Signifiers (SC)

Answer 45

things that can stand for other things

Question 46

Categories (SC)

Answer 46

categories of similar things

Question 47

Associates

Answer 47

ideas that have nothing in common but connected

Question 48

Sequences

Answer 48

ideas arranged arranged into a specific chronological order

Question 49

Hierarchies

Answer 49

ideas placed into rankings