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Study guide: history > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

social darwinism

A

“survival of the fittest” - the idea that not everyone will succeed - people dying along Oregon trail

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2
Q

laissez faire government

A

means that the government has no regulation - “let the market decide things”

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3
Q

5 civilized tribes

A

5 tribes that have given up their hunter gatherer ways - cherokee, Worcester vs Georgia

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4
Q

Muckrakers

A

Journalists who exposed corruption - dug up dirt

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5
Q

cash crop

A

a plant that is grown for profit, rather than for the farmer’s own consumption. Cotton, Tabaco

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6
Q

intolerable acts

A

Acts passed by British government SHOCK AND AWE- punishment for Boston tea party. BOSTON PORT ACT - closed Boston harbor to trade, MASSACHUSETTS GOVERNMENT ACT - appointed British officers, ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT - Ensure fair trials for British officials charged with capital offenses, QUARTERING ACT - forced colonists to house British soldiers in unoccupied buildings

led to continental congress

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7
Q

louisiana purchase

A

France gave to jefferson, from Mississippi river to rocky mountains, NATIONALISM. allowed lewis and Clark to explore beyond Rocky’s and look at west coast

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8
Q

stamp act

A

required colonists to pay a tax on certain documents and publication. DIRECT TAX. solidified “no TAXATION without representation” — pushed many away from britain.

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9
Q

Battle of saratoga

A

Turning points for the colonists- directly led to the signing of the Treaty of Alliance with France. France gave military and financial support - turned the tide of the war in favor of the colonists

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10
Q

battle of lexington and Concord

A

first victory battle of American rev

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11
Q

proclamation line of 1763

A

restricted colonists of occupying land beyond the Appalachian - angered many due to shortage of land

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12
Q

checks and balances

A

Legislative branch: Makes laws
Executive branch: Enforces laws
Judicial branch: Interprets laws

Checks are mechanisms that limit the power of one branch by blocking, delaying, or criticizing decisions

Balances: Ensure that a variety of views and interests are represented

veto = The president can review and block acts passed by Congress

over-ride = the power of the legislative branch to enact a law despite a veto by the president

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13
Q

propaganda

A

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

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14
Q

impeachment

A

to impeach a president or a judge - to accuse/ put on trial

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15
Q

Upton Sinclair/ jungle

A

exposed the horrible conditions of the meat packing industry in his book the jungle - led to federal government implementing food regulation laws

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16
Q

annexation of texas

A

Americans act as a human shield to protect Mexicans from the comanche tribe - Americans asked to abandon slavery, become Mexican citizens, and convert to catholicism - Texas asked to be annexed but it would have changed the Balance in the Senate and House of Reps. POLK took in Texas because of his manifest destiny

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17
Q

Embargo act

A

British kidnap American merchant ships - IMPRESSMENT - prohibits citizens from trading with another country - EMBARGO ACT FAILS TO CHANGE BRITAINS BEHAVIOR

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18
Q

Oregon issue

A

British liked Oregon territory for fur trading - neither sides wanted to go to war. Polk compromises for Washington and oregon - gives US Willamet valley and a western port, britain can use Columbia river for fur trade

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19
Q

Compromise of 1850/ gold rush

A

California is rich in gold and wants to join the union - but it could upset the balance in the Senate, so compromise of 1850 got rid of Missouri line and allowed states popular sovereignty to decide upon slavery

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20
Q

National bank

A

Gives stability. has govt money collected by taxes. Gives money to state bank to loan to customers.

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21
Q

federalist papers

A

written by Hamilton - designed to convince new yorkers to ratify the constitution (if they said yes little states would follow)

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22
Q

Sharecropping

A

economic slavery…concept that renters give 1/2 production to landowners. idea of indebting black land owners by having to talk out loans from their landlord due to lack of production

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23
Q

tenant farming

A

idea that blacks can rent land from farmers, gave HOPE for future land owning

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24
Q

American System

A

the concept that the federal gov would pay tax money to building roads, railroads, bridges, ect….

South was usually against it because it benefited the north

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25
northwest ordinance
government will get involved in governing the territory's once they reach a certain population. Ohio - Illinois region
26
Frederick douglass/ thaddeus stevens
EXTREME RADICALS thaddeus stevens - pushing for pro abolition laws Frederick Douglass - leading black speaker for ending slavery
27
King Philips War
between Native Americans and English colonists in New England last-ditch effort by Natives to stop English settlement on their lands
28
John Brown
MOST EXTREME RADICAl Bleeding Kansas - killed 5 ppl Harpers ferry - sides are now drawn (north and south) - he pulls both groups into a point beyond compromise
29
washington
Understood that the revolutionary war will take time. Embodiment of the revolution.
30
Samuel Adams
one of the founders of the sons of liberty Main man responsible for American Rev
31
Eli Whitney/ cotton gin
Cotton gin caused slavery to EXPLODE within our country
32
National Road
first example of American system (nationalism) - federal gov use taxes to build a road that only benefited the north
33
Alien Sedition acts
in effort to save the federalist party - John Adams passed the Alien Sedition acts. More french were immigrating and subscribed to the dem rep party. Alien act - made it harder to immigrate Sedition act - made it illegal to publish false, scandalous, or malicious statements about the government.
34
Virginia Kentucky Revolution
Response to Alien Sedition acts - allowed states to nullify any federal law it deemed unconstitutional
35
sugar act
britain needs money and decides to tax sugar and molasses.
36
Missouri compromise of 1820
outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude line to keep balance in the senate
37
Ellis and Angel island
Ellis (New York) - immigration processing center (mainly from Europe) they turned people away due to politics and disease Angel (San Francisco) - designed as a holding sell for laborers (mainly Asians) - goal was for them to be exploited after being claimed by certain companies. Once they were done with working they were deported
38
Samuel slater
father of the industrial revolution - built the first real factory
39
2nd great awakening (age of reform)
in the 1840s religious leaders reflect how America is developing - they need to change their ways of exploitation. this helps Abolitionism, womens rights, and alcoholism
40
shays rebelion
A catalyst of the change of our first gov *served as spark to fix the articles of the confederation - leads to the creation of constituton
41
whiskey rebellion
protest against the first tax on a domestic product levied by the federal government - tax on whiskey Washington used strong force and compassion to resolve - he demonstrates that the new government could and would put down and resolve issues.
42
Teddy Roosevelt/ Square deal
Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program
43
Abigail Adams
FEMINIST
44
Anti federalists
led by Jefferson and madison, believed in strong interpretation and most power in states
45
articles of confederation
first constitution of the united states. established weak central government with power resting in states. COULDN'T TAX
46
Mexican war
MANIFEST DESTINY a war the United States engineered
47
10% plan
Lincoln's lenient plan designed to win the peace----10% have to sign an oath to be loyal to the union
48
Wade- Davis bill
reaction the the 10% plan------50% now
49
Black Codes
codes ment to force blacks back into economic slavery--- Banned blacks from owning land in cities, one year contracts-prevented stability, ect.....
50
Manifest destiny
the idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America mandated by God.
51
common man
uneducated masses, democrat republicans and anti feds
52
total war
warfare where there is little to no differentiation between combatants and civilians
53
Sherman's march to the sea
the union general's 60 mile wide path of destruction from atlanta to savannah - his goal was to hollow out the south by pulling southern soldiers from their stations in the north to defend their homes
54
nationalism
a political and cultural ideology that emphasizes a nation's importance and the loyalty of its citizens
55
sectionalism
restriction of interest to a narrow sphere; undue concern with local interests or petty distinctions at the expense of general well-being.
56
1st amendment
protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition
57
2nd amendment
right to bear arms
58
5th amendment
protects citizens from self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process
59
13th amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
60
14th amendment
restatement of the bill rights- protected blacks under bill of rights
61
15th amendment
banned laws restricting voting

Study guide: history (5 decks)

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