Final Exam Flashcards
social darwinism
“survival of the fittest” - the idea that not everyone will succeed - people dying along Oregon trail
laissez faire government
means that the government has no regulation - “let the market decide things”
5 civilized tribes
5 tribes that have given up their hunter gatherer ways - cherokee, Worcester vs Georgia
Muckrakers
Journalists who exposed corruption - dug up dirt
cash crop
a plant that is grown for profit, rather than for the farmer’s own consumption. Cotton, Tabaco
intolerable acts
Acts passed by British government SHOCK AND AWE- punishment for Boston tea party. BOSTON PORT ACT - closed Boston harbor to trade, MASSACHUSETTS GOVERNMENT ACT - appointed British officers, ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT - Ensure fair trials for British officials charged with capital offenses, QUARTERING ACT - forced colonists to house British soldiers in unoccupied buildings
led to continental congress
louisiana purchase
France gave to jefferson, from Mississippi river to rocky mountains, NATIONALISM. allowed lewis and Clark to explore beyond Rocky’s and look at west coast
stamp act
required colonists to pay a tax on certain documents and publication. DIRECT TAX. solidified “no TAXATION without representation” — pushed many away from britain.
Battle of saratoga
Turning points for the colonists- directly led to the signing of the Treaty of Alliance with France. France gave military and financial support - turned the tide of the war in favor of the colonists
battle of lexington and Concord
first victory battle of American rev
proclamation line of 1763
restricted colonists of occupying land beyond the Appalachian - angered many due to shortage of land
checks and balances
Legislative branch: Makes laws
Executive branch: Enforces laws
Judicial branch: Interprets laws
Checks are mechanisms that limit the power of one branch by blocking, delaying, or criticizing decisions
Balances: Ensure that a variety of views and interests are represented
veto = The president can review and block acts passed by Congress
over-ride = the power of the legislative branch to enact a law despite a veto by the president
propaganda
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
impeachment
to impeach a president or a judge - to accuse/ put on trial
Upton Sinclair/ jungle
exposed the horrible conditions of the meat packing industry in his book the jungle - led to federal government implementing food regulation laws
annexation of texas
Americans act as a human shield to protect Mexicans from the comanche tribe - Americans asked to abandon slavery, become Mexican citizens, and convert to catholicism - Texas asked to be annexed but it would have changed the Balance in the Senate and House of Reps. POLK took in Texas because of his manifest destiny
Embargo act
British kidnap American merchant ships - IMPRESSMENT - prohibits citizens from trading with another country - EMBARGO ACT FAILS TO CHANGE BRITAINS BEHAVIOR
Oregon issue
British liked Oregon territory for fur trading - neither sides wanted to go to war. Polk compromises for Washington and oregon - gives US Willamet valley and a western port, britain can use Columbia river for fur trade
Compromise of 1850/ gold rush
California is rich in gold and wants to join the union - but it could upset the balance in the Senate, so compromise of 1850 got rid of Missouri line and allowed states popular sovereignty to decide upon slavery
National bank
Gives stability. has govt money collected by taxes. Gives money to state bank to loan to customers.
federalist papers
written by Hamilton - designed to convince new yorkers to ratify the constitution (if they said yes little states would follow)
Sharecropping
economic slavery…concept that renters give 1/2 production to landowners. idea of indebting black land owners by having to talk out loans from their landlord due to lack of production
tenant farming
idea that blacks can rent land from farmers, gave HOPE for future land owning
American System
the concept that the federal gov would pay tax money to building roads, railroads, bridges, ect….
South was usually against it because it benefited the north
northwest ordinance
government will get involved in governing the territory’s once they reach a certain population. Ohio - Illinois region
Frederick douglass/ thaddeus stevens
EXTREME RADICALS
thaddeus stevens - pushing for pro abolition laws
Frederick Douglass - leading black speaker for ending slavery
King Philips War
between Native Americans and English colonists in New England last-ditch effort by Natives to stop English settlement on their lands
John Brown
MOST EXTREME RADICAl
Bleeding Kansas - killed 5 ppl
Harpers ferry - sides are now drawn (north and south) - he pulls both groups into a point beyond compromise
washington
Understood that the revolutionary war will take time. Embodiment of the revolution.
Samuel Adams
one of the founders of the sons of liberty
Main man responsible for American Rev
Eli Whitney/ cotton gin
Cotton gin caused slavery to EXPLODE within our country
National Road
first example of American system (nationalism) - federal gov use taxes to build a road that only benefited the north
Alien Sedition acts
in effort to save the federalist party - John Adams passed the Alien Sedition acts. More french were immigrating and subscribed to the dem rep party.
Alien act - made it harder to immigrate
Sedition act - made it illegal to publish false, scandalous, or malicious statements about the government.
Virginia Kentucky Revolution
Response to Alien Sedition acts - allowed states to nullify any federal law it deemed unconstitutional
sugar act
britain needs money and decides to tax sugar and molasses.
Missouri compromise of 1820
outlawed slavery above the 36º 30’ latitude line to keep balance in the senate
Ellis and Angel island
Ellis (New York) - immigration processing center (mainly from Europe) they turned people away due to politics and disease
Angel (San Francisco) - designed as a holding sell for laborers (mainly Asians) - goal was for them to be exploited after being claimed by certain companies. Once they were done with working they were deported
Samuel slater
father of the industrial revolution - built the first real factory
2nd great awakening (age of reform)
in the 1840s religious leaders reflect how America is developing - they need to change their ways of exploitation.
this helps Abolitionism, womens rights, and alcoholism
shays rebelion
A catalyst of the change of our first gov
*served as spark to fix the articles of the confederation - leads to the creation of constituton
whiskey rebellion
protest against the first tax on a domestic product levied by the federal government - tax on whiskey
Washington used strong force and compassion to resolve
- he demonstrates that the new government could and would put down and resolve issues.
Teddy Roosevelt/ Square deal
Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program
Abigail Adams
FEMINIST
Anti federalists
led by Jefferson and madison, believed in strong interpretation and most power in states
articles of confederation
first constitution of the united states. established weak central government with power resting in states. COULDN’T TAX
Mexican war
MANIFEST DESTINY
a war the United States engineered
10% plan
Lincoln’s lenient plan designed to win the peace—-10% have to sign an oath to be loyal to the union
Wade- Davis bill
reaction the the 10% plan——50% now
Black Codes
codes ment to force blacks back into economic slavery— Banned blacks from owning land in cities, one year contracts-prevented stability, ect…..
Manifest destiny
the idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America mandated by God.
common man
uneducated masses, democrat republicans and anti feds
total war
warfare where there is little to no differentiation between combatants and civilians
Sherman’s march to the sea
the union general’s 60 mile wide path of destruction from atlanta to savannah - his goal was to hollow out the south by pulling southern soldiers from their stations in the north to defend their homes
nationalism
a political and cultural ideology that emphasizes a nation’s importance and the loyalty of its citizens
sectionalism
restriction of interest to a narrow sphere; undue concern with local interests or petty distinctions at the expense of general well-being.
1st amendment
protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition
2nd amendment
right to bear arms
5th amendment
protects citizens from self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process
13th amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
14th amendment
restatement of the bill rights- protected blacks under bill of rights
15th amendment
banned laws restricting voting
