final exam Flashcards
anything gone over after exam4
extinction
the death of the last member of a species
inbreeding depression
a genetic phenomenon in which individuals with similar genotypes breed with each other and produce offspring with an impaired ability to survive and reproduce
endangered
at serious risk of extinction
native species
a species that lives in a historical range, typically where it has lived for thousands or millions of years
alien/exotic species
a species living outside its historical range
alien/exotic species
a species living outside its historical range
invasive species
a species that spreads rapidly across large areas
CITES
stands for Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; a global agreement among governments to regulate or ban international trade in species under threat
red list
a list of worldwide threatened species maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature
edge habitat
a habitat that occurs where two different communities come together, typically forming an abrupt transition
biosphere reserve
a protected area consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permissible human impact
sixth mass extinction: list four symptoms/factors of this
- genetic diversity loss in wild organisms
- genetic diversity loss in crops and livestock
- global species decline in species diversity
- global decline in ecosystem function
define anthropocene
the current geological age, viewed as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment
what are the cause of decline (HIPPCO)
H- habitat loss
I- invasive species
P- (human) population growth
P- pollution
C- climate change
O- overharvesting
habitat loss due to…
humans: habitat removal such as clear-cutting, degrading habitats through pollution and climate change, and habitat fragmentation (too few, too far apart)
invasive species due to…
introducing alien/exotic species and do not have a natural predator; e.g.’s
house cats, blue catfish, snakehead, spotted lantern-fly, stinkbug, burmese python
pollution due to…
humans: water, air, soil, garbage
population growth of humans…
competition for natural resources; smtimes not included since human (population growth) is the root cause
climate change due to…
humans: global warming (from fossil fuel mining), ice melting (global warming), drought (excessive irrigation?)
over-harvesting due to…
humans: lacking knowledge on population dynamics, age of maturity, maximum sustainable yield; lack if laws/regulation + enforcement; tragedy of the commons
what are the two (main) types of conservation approaches
single species (much easier to gain funding; charismatic megafauna)
ecosystem/habitat (more impactful, often has a charismatic megafauna as part of the main advertisement)
what factors should be considered in ecosystem conservation
size, shape, connectedness, theory of island biography, SLOSS (single large or several small)
define theory of island biogeography
an ecosystem that is isolated by being surrounded by different ecosystems
what are the three r’s of conservation in order
reservation; restoration; reconciliation
what is the equation for the doubling time of a population
70 / population growth rate
which of the following abiotic factors affect species richness
latitude, habitat size, time (age of community), distance from other communities
