final exam Flashcards

anything gone over after exam4

1
Q

extinction

A

the death of the last member of a species

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2
Q

inbreeding depression

A

a genetic phenomenon in which individuals with similar genotypes breed with each other and produce offspring with an impaired ability to survive and reproduce

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3
Q

endangered

A

at serious risk of extinction

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4
Q

native species

A

a species that lives in a historical range, typically where it has lived for thousands or millions of years

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5
Q

alien/exotic species

A

a species living outside its historical range

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6
Q

alien/exotic species

A

a species living outside its historical range

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7
Q

invasive species

A

a species that spreads rapidly across large areas

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8
Q

CITES

A

stands for Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; a global agreement among governments to regulate or ban international trade in species under threat

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9
Q

red list

A

a list of worldwide threatened species maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature

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10
Q

edge habitat

A

a habitat that occurs where two different communities come together, typically forming an abrupt transition

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11
Q

biosphere reserve

A

a protected area consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permissible human impact

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12
Q

sixth mass extinction: list four symptoms/factors of this

A
  1. genetic diversity loss in wild organisms
  2. genetic diversity loss in crops and livestock
  3. global species decline in species diversity
  4. global decline in ecosystem function
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13
Q

define anthropocene

A

the current geological age, viewed as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment

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14
Q

what are the cause of decline (HIPPCO)

A

H- habitat loss
I- invasive species
P- (human) population growth
P- pollution
C- climate change
O- overharvesting

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15
Q

habitat loss due to…

A

humans: habitat removal such as clear-cutting, degrading habitats through pollution and climate change, and habitat fragmentation (too few, too far apart)

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16
Q

invasive species due to…

A

introducing alien/exotic species and do not have a natural predator; e.g.’s

house cats, blue catfish, snakehead, spotted lantern-fly, stinkbug, burmese python

17
Q

pollution due to…

A

humans: water, air, soil, garbage

18
Q

population growth of humans…

A

competition for natural resources; smtimes not included since human (population growth) is the root cause

19
Q

climate change due to…

A

humans: global warming (from fossil fuel mining), ice melting (global warming), drought (excessive irrigation?)

20
Q

over-harvesting due to…

A

humans: lacking knowledge on population dynamics, age of maturity, maximum sustainable yield; lack if laws/regulation + enforcement; tragedy of the commons

21
Q

what are the two (main) types of conservation approaches

A

single species (much easier to gain funding; charismatic megafauna)

ecosystem/habitat (more impactful, often has a charismatic megafauna as part of the main advertisement)

22
Q

what factors should be considered in ecosystem conservation

A

size, shape, connectedness, theory of island biography, SLOSS (single large or several small)

23
Q

define theory of island biogeography

A

an ecosystem that is isolated by being surrounded by different ecosystems

24
Q

what are the three r’s of conservation in order

A

reservation; restoration; reconciliation

25
Q

what is the equation for the doubling time of a population

A

70 / population growth rate

26
Q

which of the following abiotic factors affect species richness

A

latitude, habitat size, time (age of community), distance from other communities