Final Exam Flashcards
What are some contributing factors to developing diverticular bowel disease?
- advanced age
- constipation
- diet: low in fiber, high fat, red meats
What protein should someone with a diverticular bowel disease eat instead of red meats?
- lean protein
What are some interventions (diet) that a pt can use if they have a diverticular bowel disease?
- meatless Monday
- they shouldn’t have meat more than 7 times a week
What is diverticulosis?
- pouch like herniation in the colon wall
What are the clinical manifestations of diverticulosis?
ES: CIBH, AB, B, F
- usually asymptomatic
- early signs are changes in bowel habits, abdominal bleeding, bloating, and flatulence
What are the clinical manifestations of diverticulitis?
LLQP, PAM, F
- LLQ pain
- palpable abdominal mass
- N/V
- fever
What are some treatment options for a pt w/ diverticulitis?
Initial + after
- initial treatment: NPO, NG to low suction, IV fluids
- post: clear liquids adv. to low fiber diet, pain meds and antibiotics
What are some complications to monitor for w/ diverticular diseases?
BIC
- bleeding
- infection
- constipation
What are some examples of mechanical obstructions?
A, H, C, S , I
- adhesion
- hernia
- Cancer
- Stricture
- intussusception
What are some examples of non mechanical obstructions?
disorders
- neuromuscular disorders like paralytic ileum
- vascular disorders like mesenteric artery occlusion
What are the CM of small intestine obstructions?
RO, SP, VVC, AB
onset? pain?
- rapid onset,
- sporadic pain
- vomiting very common
- acidic bile
What are some CM of large intestinal obstruction?
GO, PCP, IV, AD
- gradual onset
- persistent cramping pain
- infrequent vomiting
- abdominal distention
What are some nursing interventions for pt’s w/ an intestinal obstruction?
Diet, LS, IVF + ER, EA, PS
- NPO
- NG to low suction
- IV fluids and electrolyte replacement
- early ambulation
- possible surgery
What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
- first degree relative
- personal/ family Hx of CRC, IBS, DM
- obseity
- smoking
- alcohol
- red meats
What are the early signs of colorectal cancer?
- asymptomatic
- nonspecific such as weight loss and fatigue
What are the late signs of colorectal cancer?
PAM, AT, A , HM
- palpable abdominal mass
- abdominal tenderness
- hepatomegaly
- ascites
What can polyps develop. Into after 5 yrs?
Cancer
How is colorectal cancer diagnosed?
- double contrast barium enema
- CEA level ( carcinoembryonic antigen)
What is cholelithiasis?
Stones in the gallbladder
What is Cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder wall associated with/ cholelithiasis
What are the risk factors gallbladder disease?
W, OC, ET, O, SL, FHX
- women
- oral contraceptive
- 40 yrs on estrogen therapy
- obseity
- sedentary lifestyle
- fam hx
What are the clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis?
FP, RUQP, SP, J, CCS, I, BT, PWM
Asymptomatic
- late signs:
- flank pain
- RUQ pain
- shoulder pain
- jaundice
- clay colored stool
- itching
- bleeding tendency ( vitamin k)
- pain more intense w/ movement
What are some abnormal finding in draining tubes?
- no drainage
What are the S+S of FVE?
- bounding pulse
- weight gain
- edema
- crackles in the lungs ( primary sign)
- increased BP