Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
What diagnostic test used to diagnose kidney + urological disorder?
A
- urinalysis
- radiology
2
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of urinary system disorders?
A
- fatigue
- HTN
- blurred vision
- n/V
- cognitive changes
- excessive thirst
- change in body weight
3
Q
What are some patterns of urination that should be of concern to the nurse?
A
- frequency
- urgency
- hesitancy
- retention
- dysuria
- nocturia
- stress incontinence
- dribbling
4
Q
What will the urine look like if the pt is experiencing a urinary system disorder?
A
- concentrated
- diluted
- hematuria
- pyuria ( WBC)
- red, brown, yellowish green
5
Q
What are the possible risk factors for developing a UTI?
A
- obstruction
- retention
- renal impairment
- foreign bodies
- anatomic
- Compromise immune response
6
Q
What are some nursing interventions for preventing UTI’s?
A
- frequent handwashing
- scheduled toileting
- foley care
- peeing after intercourse
7
Q
What is acute pyelonephritis?
A
- inflammation of the renal parenchyma and collecting system
8
Q
What are the risk factors for developing acute pyelonephritis?
A
- dysfunction of the lower UT
- long term care residents
- pregnancy induced changed
- untreated UTI
9
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis?
A
- N/V
- fever/ chills
- flank pain
- dysuria, urgency + frequency
- lower back tenderness
10
Q
What clinical manifestation is more common in older adults w/ UTIs?
A
Cognitive effects like confusion (more common than burning)
11
Q
What is urethritis?
A
- inflammation of the urethra due to bacterial or viral infection
12
Q
What causes urethritis?
A
- trichomonas
- chlamydia
- gonorrhea
13
Q
What are the clinical manifestations that present in women w/ urethritis?
A
Diagnosis difficult so see LUTS
14
Q
What are the clinical manifestations that present in men w/ urethritis?
A
- discharge
- dysuria
- urgency
- frequency
15
Q
What are the treatments for urethritis?
A
Antibiotic and sitz baths
16
Q
What is some patient education for urethritis?
A
- avoid vaginals sprays
- avoid intercourse
- contact partner(s)
- hygiene
17
Q
What are the clinical manifestations for urinary tract calculi?
A
- severe pain in the flank area / lower back
- kidney stone dance
- mild shock
18
Q
What kind of education would you provide to a patient experiencing urinary tract calculi?
A
- low sodium diet
- low calcium
- inrease hydration
- decrease use of tums, calcium vitamins + supplement
19
Q
What are the risk factors for developing UT calculi?
A
- men
- 50’s and up
- genetics
- summer heat
20
Q
What are normal findings post op of kidney surgery?
A
- small amounts of beeping
- Flank pain
- bruising
21
Q
What are abnormal findings post op of kidney surgery?
A
- bright red bleeding
- decreased urinary production
-hemorrhage - sepsis
22
Q
What are some nursing interventions for a kidney surgery post op?
A
- promote ambulation
- promote fluids
- avoid calcium rich foods
23
Q
What are some examples of calcium rich foods?
D, LG, F, S, N , F
A
- dairy
- leafy greens ( spinach, kale, broccoli)
- fish ( like sardines and salmon )
- soy ( tofu/ soy milk)
- nuts/ seeds
- fruits ( oranges, apricots, figs, and raisins)
24
Q
What is polycystic kidney disease?
A
- most common life threatening genetic disease involving both kidneys
25
What is the first symptom of PCKD?
Headaches
26
What would you educate a pt on who is experiencing PCKD?
UP, D
- UTI prevention
-dialysis
27
What are abnormal findings of a stoma?
- color: blue or white
- drainage?: yes
28
What is normal UO?
Per hour
30mL/ per hour
29
What are the indication of kidney removal?
- cyst rupture
- sepsis
30
What are the symptoms of a UUTI?
Acute pyelonephritis
- fever
- malaise
- N/V
- flank tenderness
31
What are the symptoms of a LUTI?
Urethritis
- burning
-urgency
- frequency
- strong smelling urine
- hematuria
- suprapubic pain
32
What is creatinine clearance?
test compares the creatinine level in urine with the creatinine level in blood to see how well the kidneys are getting rid of toxins
33
What is the normal values for creatinine and BUN levels?
- a high creatinine (0.6 to 1.3)
- a low BUN 6-24 mg/dL
34
What is residual urine?
The urine left over after urination, a small amount is normal (50mL) anything more indicates inadequate bladder emptying
35
What is a KUB test?
an imaging procedure that uses X-rays or ultrasound to examine the urinary system and surrounding structures
36
What are some signs of arterial insufficiency ?
- pallor, cool/ cold extremities
- cap refill greater than 3 seconds
- decreased or absent pulses
37
What does warm and cyanotic extremities indicate?
Poor venous return
38
What is osteomyelitis?
Severe infection of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding soft tissue
39
What is osteoporosis?
- chronic and progressive metabolic bone disease
40
What are some preventative measures than can be used for osteoprosis?
- regular weight bearing exercise
- adequate intake of fluoride, calcium, vitamin D
41
What should the nurses assessment focus on in a pt w/ osteoporosis?
- proper nutrtion w/ calcium and vitamin d supplements
- exercises
- fall prevention
- drug therapy
42
What is osteoarthritis?
Slowly progressive non inflammatory disorder that cause the gradual loss of cartilage
43
What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis?
- Age
- decreased estrogen at menopause
- obseity
- ligament injury
- frequent kneeling/ stopping
44
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
- a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, inflammation of the connective tissue
45
What are some nursing considerations for pt’s w/ arthritis?
Non curative, focus on
- managing pain/ inflammation
- preventing disability
- maintaining and improving joint function
- drug therapy supplements no drug treatments
46
What are some post op interventions for a total knee replacement?
- no pillow under the knee
- ROM: flexion and extension
- weight bearing as tolerated
47
What are some goals for pts w/ amputations?
- adequate relief from underlying health problem
- pain management
- max rehab
- cope w/ body image change
- lifestyle adjustments
48
What is gout?
Type of arthritis that is caused by hyperdrive is and deposition of urine acid crystals in r or more joints
49
How is gout managed?
meds, IFI, LA/FHIP, DM, R/I/E
- prevention of recurrent attacks
- xanthine oxidase inhibitors ( allopurinol)
- increase fluid intake
- limit alcohol and foods high in purine
- diet modification
- rest, ice and elevation
50
What are some foods high in purine that pt’s w/ gout should avoid?
OM, RM, S, SF/ D
- organ meats ( liver, kidney)
- red meats ( beef, lamb, pork)
- seafood
- sugary foods and drinks
51
What is lupus?
A multi system inflammatory autoimmune disease
52
What is diffused pain?
- larger areas
- deep tissue
53
what is radicular pain ?
- irritation of the nerve root
54
What is a prostate specific antigen (PAS) test?
- a test that measures the amount of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland, in your blood.
55
How is chlamydia transmitted?
- exposure to sexual fluids, ejaculation isn’t necessary
56
What are the CM of chlamydia?
Men vs. women
- men are asymptomatic
- women have pain during urination and intercourse
- blood in the urine
57
How is gonorrhea transmitted?
- through sexual fluids ejaculation isn’t necessary
- prior infection doesn’t provide immunity
58
What are some symptoms of gonorrhea?
- increased vaginal discharge
- dysuria
- frequency of urination
- bleeding after sex
- painful bowel movements
59
What are some are some effects of untreated gonorrhea?
- infertility
- blindness ( babies)
60
How is syphilis transmitted?
- direct contact with ulcer
61
What are the first symptoms of syphilis?
Flu like
62
What can untreated syphilis cause?
- CNS effects, lesions on the organs cause destruction in body
63
What is genital herpes?
Life long incurable STI that is very common
64
What are some nursing education used for pt suffering from HSV?
- loose fitting clothing
- cotton underwear
- clean and dry
- pour water on lesions
- abstain from sex until lesions ahave healed
65
What are the risk factors for developing breast cancer?
- family hx
- genetics
- weight gain
- smoking
- alcohol use
- obesity
66
What are some nursing assessments preformed on a pt post op?
- no BP or blood draw on affected arm
- stroke
- blood clots
67
What are some risk factors for ovarian cancer?
- women who have never been pregnant
- increasing age
- high fat diet
- use of infertility drug
68
How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?
- manual exam
- biopsy
