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Med Surg > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What diagnostic test used to diagnose kidney + urological disorder?

A
  • urinalysis
  • radiology
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2
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of urinary system disorders?

A
  • fatigue
  • HTN
  • blurred vision
  • n/V
  • cognitive changes
  • excessive thirst
  • change in body weight
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3
Q

What are some patterns of urination that should be of concern to the nurse?

A
  • frequency
  • urgency
  • hesitancy
  • retention
  • dysuria
  • nocturia
  • stress incontinence
  • dribbling
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4
Q

What will the urine look like if the pt is experiencing a urinary system disorder?

A
  • concentrated
  • diluted
  • hematuria
  • pyuria ( WBC)
  • red, brown, yellowish green
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5
Q

What are the possible risk factors for developing a UTI?

A
  • obstruction
  • retention
  • renal impairment
  • foreign bodies
  • anatomic
  • Compromise immune response
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6
Q

What are some nursing interventions for preventing UTI’s?

A
  • frequent handwashing
  • scheduled toileting
  • foley care
  • peeing after intercourse
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7
Q

What is acute pyelonephritis?

A
  • inflammation of the renal parenchyma and collecting system
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8
Q

What are the risk factors for developing acute pyelonephritis?

A
  • dysfunction of the lower UT
  • long term care residents
  • pregnancy induced changed
  • untreated UTI
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9
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis?

A
  • N/V
  • fever/ chills
  • flank pain
  • dysuria, urgency + frequency
  • lower back tenderness
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10
Q

What clinical manifestation is more common in older adults w/ UTIs?

A

Cognitive effects like confusion (more common than burning)

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11
Q

What is urethritis?

A
  • inflammation of the urethra due to bacterial or viral infection
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12
Q

What causes urethritis?

A
  • trichomonas
  • chlamydia
  • gonorrhea
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13
Q

What are the clinical manifestations that present in women w/ urethritis?

A

Diagnosis difficult so see LUTS

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14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations that present in men w/ urethritis?

A
  • discharge
  • dysuria
  • urgency
  • frequency
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15
Q

What are the treatments for urethritis?

A

Antibiotic and sitz baths

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16
Q

What is some patient education for urethritis?

A
  • avoid vaginals sprays
  • avoid intercourse
  • contact partner(s)
  • hygiene
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17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations for urinary tract calculi?

A
  • severe pain in the flank area / lower back
  • kidney stone dance
  • mild shock
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18
Q

What kind of education would you provide to a patient experiencing urinary tract calculi?

A
  • low sodium diet
  • low calcium
  • inrease hydration
  • decrease use of tums, calcium vitamins + supplement
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19
Q

What are the risk factors for developing UT calculi?

A
  • men
  • 50’s and up
  • genetics
  • summer heat
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20
Q

What are normal findings post op of kidney surgery?

A
  • small amounts of beeping
  • Flank pain
  • bruising
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21
Q

What are abnormal findings post op of kidney surgery?

A
  • bright red bleeding
  • decreased urinary production
    -hemorrhage
  • sepsis
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22
Q

What are some nursing interventions for a kidney surgery post op?

A
  • promote ambulation
  • promote fluids
  • avoid calcium rich foods
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23
Q

What are some examples of calcium rich foods?

D, LG, F, S, N , F

A
  • dairy
  • leafy greens ( spinach, kale, broccoli)
  • fish ( like sardines and salmon )
  • soy ( tofu/ soy milk)
  • nuts/ seeds
  • fruits ( oranges, apricots, figs, and raisins)
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24
Q

What is polycystic kidney disease?

A
  • most common life threatening genetic disease involving both kidneys
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25
Q

What is the first symptom of PCKD?

A

Headaches

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26
Q

What would you educate a pt on who is experiencing PCKD?

UP, D

A
  • UTI prevention
    -dialysis
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27
Q

What are abnormal findings of a stoma?

A
  • color: blue or white
  • drainage?: yes
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28
Q

What is normal UO?

Per hour

A

30mL/ per hour

29
Q

What are the indication of kidney removal?

A
  • cyst rupture
  • sepsis
30
Q

What are the symptoms of a UUTI?

Acute pyelonephritis

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • N/V
  • flank tenderness
31
Q

What are the symptoms of a LUTI?

Urethritis

A
  • burning
    -urgency
  • frequency
  • strong smelling urine
  • hematuria
  • suprapubic pain
32
Q

What is creatinine clearance?

A

test compares the creatinine level in urine with the creatinine level in blood to see how well the kidneys are getting rid of toxins

33
Q

What is the normal values for creatinine and BUN levels?

A
  • a high creatinine (0.6 to 1.3)
  • a low BUN 6-24 mg/dL
34
Q

What is residual urine?

A

The urine left over after urination, a small amount is normal (50mL) anything more indicates inadequate bladder emptying

35
Q

What is a KUB test?

A

an imaging procedure that uses X-rays or ultrasound to examine the urinary system and surrounding structures

36
Q

What are some signs of arterial insufficiency ?

A
  • pallor, cool/ cold extremities
  • cap refill greater than 3 seconds
  • decreased or absent pulses
37
Q

What does warm and cyanotic extremities indicate?

A

Poor venous return

38
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Severe infection of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding soft tissue

39
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A
  • chronic and progressive metabolic bone disease
40
Q

What are some preventative measures than can be used for osteoprosis?

A
  • regular weight bearing exercise
  • adequate intake of fluoride, calcium, vitamin D
41
Q

What should the nurses assessment focus on in a pt w/ osteoporosis?

A
  • proper nutrtion w/ calcium and vitamin d supplements
  • exercises
  • fall prevention
  • drug therapy
42
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Slowly progressive non inflammatory disorder that cause the gradual loss of cartilage

43
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis?

A
  • Age
  • decreased estrogen at menopause
  • obseity
  • ligament injury
  • frequent kneeling/ stopping
44
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, inflammation of the connective tissue
45
Q

What are some nursing considerations for pt’s w/ arthritis?

A

Non curative, focus on
- managing pain/ inflammation
- preventing disability
- maintaining and improving joint function
- drug therapy supplements no drug treatments

46
Q

What are some post op interventions for a total knee replacement?

A
  • no pillow under the knee
  • ROM: flexion and extension
  • weight bearing as tolerated
47
Q

What are some goals for pts w/ amputations?

A
  • adequate relief from underlying health problem
  • pain management
  • max rehab
  • cope w/ body image change
  • lifestyle adjustments
48
Q

What is gout?

A

Type of arthritis that is caused by hyperdrive is and deposition of urine acid crystals in r or more joints

49
Q

How is gout managed?

meds, IFI, LA/FHIP, DM, R/I/E

A
  • prevention of recurrent attacks
  • xanthine oxidase inhibitors ( allopurinol)
  • increase fluid intake
  • limit alcohol and foods high in purine
  • diet modification
  • rest, ice and elevation
50
Q

What are some foods high in purine that pt’s w/ gout should avoid?

OM, RM, S, SF/ D

A
  • organ meats ( liver, kidney)
  • red meats ( beef, lamb, pork)
  • seafood
  • sugary foods and drinks
51
Q

What is lupus?

A

A multi system inflammatory autoimmune disease

52
Q

What is diffused pain?

A
  • larger areas
  • deep tissue
53
Q

what is radicular pain ?

A
  • irritation of the nerve root
54
Q

What is a prostate specific antigen (PAS) test?

A
  • a test that measures the amount of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland, in your blood.
55
Q

How is chlamydia transmitted?

A
  • exposure to sexual fluids, ejaculation isn’t necessary
56
Q

What are the CM of chlamydia?

Men vs. women

A
  • men are asymptomatic
  • women have pain during urination and intercourse
  • blood in the urine
57
Q

How is gonorrhea transmitted?

A
  • through sexual fluids ejaculation isn’t necessary
  • prior infection doesn’t provide immunity
58
Q

What are some symptoms of gonorrhea?

A
  • increased vaginal discharge
  • dysuria
  • frequency of urination
  • bleeding after sex
  • painful bowel movements
59
Q

What are some are some effects of untreated gonorrhea?

A
  • infertility
  • blindness ( babies)
60
Q

How is syphilis transmitted?

A
  • direct contact with ulcer
61
Q

What are the first symptoms of syphilis?

A

Flu like

62
Q

What can untreated syphilis cause?

A
  • CNS effects, lesions on the organs cause destruction in body
63
Q

What is genital herpes?

A

Life long incurable STI that is very common

64
Q

What are some nursing education used for pt suffering from HSV?

A
  • loose fitting clothing
  • cotton underwear
  • clean and dry
  • pour water on lesions
  • abstain from sex until lesions ahave healed
65
Q

What are the risk factors for developing breast cancer?

A
  • family hx
  • genetics
  • weight gain
  • smoking
  • alcohol use
  • obesity
66
Q

What are some nursing assessments preformed on a pt post op?

A
  • no BP or blood draw on affected arm
  • stroke
  • blood clots
67
Q

What are some risk factors for ovarian cancer?

A
  • women who have never been pregnant
  • increasing age
  • high fat diet
  • use of infertility drug
68
Q

How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?

A
  • manual exam
  • biopsy

Med Surg (4 decks)

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