Exam 2 Flashcards
What are the clinical manifestations of disorders of the ear?
P, HL, V, D, T, ED
- pain (otalgia)
- hearing loss
- vertigo
- dizziness
- tinnitus
- ear drainage ( Otorrhea)
What are the causes of conductive hearing loss?
- ear wax build up
- ear infection
- hole in the eardrum
- stiff hearing bone
- trauma to the ear
What are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
- age related hearing loss
- noise related hearing loss
- inner ear infections
- genetic syndrome
- trauma
- side effect of medication
What causes sensory hearing loss?
- impaired function of inner ear or cranial nerve VIII
What is the cause of conductive hearing loss?
- outer or middle ear conditions
- foreign bodies
- otosclerosis
What is a tympanoplasty?
- surgical reconstruction of perforated tympanic membrane
What education is important for a pt pos op tympanoplasty?
- no aspirin for a week prior to surgery
- pre and post op audiograms and tympanograms
- antibiotics
- avoid excessive exercise
- sneeze with mouth open
- blow nose, one nostril at a time
- no airplane travel for one month
What is Ménière’s disease?
- effects both vestibular and auditory function
What causes Ménière’s disease?
Excess endolymph in the vestibular and semicircular canals
What are the signs and symptoms of Ménière’s disease?
- sudden attacks of vertigo
- tinnitus
- hearing loss
- N/V
What are the signs and symptoms of post Ménière’s disease attack?
- vertigo for 2-4 hours
- dizziness
- unsteadiness
- gait changes
- depression
- moody
- hearing loss
What are the therapies used for an acute Ménière’s disease attack?
- antihistamines
- anticholinergic
- benzodiazepine
- antiemetics
- anti vertigo
- BR
What are the therapies used for a non-acute Ménière’s disease attack?
- diuretics
- antihistamines
- calcium channel blockers
- anti vertigo drugs
- benzodiazepines
- low sodium diet
- surgery
What are the surgeries used for a non-acute Ménière’s disease attack?
- endolymphatic shunt
- vestibular nerve restriction
- labyrinthectomy
What is presbycusis?
Hearing loss
What causes presbycusis in the external ear?
- cerumen
- increased hair growth
- loss of elasticity
What causes presbycusis in the middle ear?
Atrophy of tympanic membrane
What causes presbycusis in the inner ear?
- hair cell degeneration
- neuron degeneration
- calcification of ossicles
- vestibular apparatus changes
What causes presbycusis in the brain?
Decline in the ability to filter sounds
What assessment findings would indicate presbycusis in the external ear?
- impacted ear canal (hair or earwax)
- collapsed ear canal
What assessment findings would indicate presbycusis in the middle ear?
- conductive hearing loss
What assessment findings would indicate presbycusis in the inner ear?
- diminished sensitivity to high pitched sounds
- impaired speech reception
What assessment findings would indicate presbycusis in the brain?
- sensitive to loud noises
- inability to hear in loud environments
What are some nursing considerations for hearing disorders?
- use simple sentences
- write out difficult words
- minimize distractions