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Med Surg > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

When does the common cold differ to influenza when it comes to onset?

A

The common cold happens gradually while influenza happens abruptly

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2
Q

Which disease is associated with a high temperature?

(102.0 - 103.0)

A

Influenza and fever usually happens for 3-4 days

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3
Q

In which disease is headaches common in?

Respiratory infections

A

Influenza, headaches are uncommon in the common cold

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4
Q

respiratory infection

Which disease would you see severe myalgia and fatigue?

A

Influenza you would only see slight aches and fatigue in the common cold

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5
Q

What are the complications of a common cold?

A

Sinus congestion and earache

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6
Q

What are the complications of influenza ?

B, P, ARD, LT

A
  • Bronchitis
  • pneumonia
  • ARDs (
  • life threatening
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7
Q

What can be done to prevent common colds and influenza from spreading?

A

Washing hands for both and annual vaccination for influenza?

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8
Q

What is the treatment options for the common cold?

A
  • rest
  • hydration
  • decongestant
  • Tylenol / Ibuprofen
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9
Q

What are the treatment options for the flu?

Zanamivir, oseltamivir

A
  • antiviral drugs ( if given 24-48r. Prior to onset)
  • rest
  • hydration
  • Tylenol/ Ibuprofen
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10
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Acute infection of the lungs parenchyma ( connective/ supporting tissue)

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11
Q

What are the risk factors for developing pneumonia?

A
  • Age: 65 years and older
  • residents of long term facilities
  • abdominal/ chest surgery
  • alt level of consciousness
  • smokers
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12
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of pneumonia?

C, F, CHI, H, PCP, F/CC

A
  • cough
  • fever
  • chills
  • headache
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • fine or coarse crackles
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13
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of pneumonia that are specific to older adults?

C, H

A
  • confusion
  • hypothermia
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14
Q

how is pnumonia diagnosed?

A
  • chest x-ray
  • WBC count ( greater than 15,000)
  • ABG ( PaO2 less than 80mmHg, PaCO2 greater than 45, pH less than 7.35)
  • sputum specimens

normal WBC range: 4.5k - 11k

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15
Q

what are normal readings on an ABG?

pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3

A

pH ( 7.35- 7.45)
PaO2 ( 80- 100mmHg)
PaCO2 ( 35- 45mmHg)
HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L

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16
Q

what can be done to prevent pnumonia?

F/PV, EA, IS, FP

A
  • flu and pnumococcal vaccines
  • early ambulation
  • Incentive spirometer
  • feed precautions
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17
Q

What can be used to treat acute pneumonia?

A
  • supplemental oxygen
  • IV hydration
  • IV antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal
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18
Q

What intervention is important in a pt w/ pneumonia?

nutrition

A
  • rest before meals
  • use bronchodilator before meals
  • avoid excuse 1 hour before and after meals
  • limit fluid w/ meals because they will get full before they eat
  • moderate carb, high caloric
  • eat 5 to 6 small meals a day
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19
Q

What are the none obvious signs of lung cancer?

A
  • change in voice
  • hoarseness
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20
Q

What are the risk factors for developing TB?

A
  • homelessness
  • inner city neighborhoods
  • foreign born person
  • IV injection drug user
  • overcrowded living conditions
  • poverty
  • immunosuppression
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21
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of TB?

DC, F, UWL, NS

A
  • dry cough that can become productive
  • fatigue
  • unexplained weight loss
  • night sweats
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22
Q

What are the late signs of a TB infection?

D, H

A
  • dyspnea
  • hemoptysis
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23
Q

What is the goal for treatment of TB?

A
  • normal lung function
  • completion of drug regime
  • prevent transmission
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24
Q

What may cause the pt to be non compliant with the drug regimen?

A
  • cost
  • they feel better
  • they give away their meds
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25
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of lung cancer?

A
  • persistent cough
  • dyspnea
  • blood tinge sputum
  • pneumonia that’s not responding to treatment
  • anorexia
  • fatigue
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26
Q

What is the primary intervention for a pt w/ lung cancer?

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

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27
Q

what is COPD?

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

when air can’t leave the lungs because it’s trapped in the lungs ( persistant expiratory airflow limitation causing an abnormal gas exchnage)

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28
Q

what is the diffrence between a latent and an active TB infection?

A

latent - positive TB skin test but negative bacteriologic studies
active- positive TB skin test, positive bacteriologic study, clincal or x-ray evidence of current disease

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29
Q

what are the CM of COPD?

cc, d, ef, uoam, bc, pet, dc, db, w

A
  • chronic cough
  • dyspnea
  • easily fatigued
  • use of accsessory muscles
  • barrel chest
  • prolomged expiratory time
  • digital clubbing
  • decreased breath sounds
  • wheezing
30
Q

what should a COPD pt’s O2 level be at during excertion and at rest?

A
  • SaO2 above a 90%
  • PaO2 above a 60 mmHg
31
Q

what breathing excerises can be used to COPD pts?

A
  • pursed lip breathing ( helps trapped airout)
  • diaphragmatic breathing ( helps w/ lung expansion)
32
Q

what is an COPD acute exacerbation?

A

acute worsening of syptoms often due to upper respiratory infection

33
Q

how is COPD acute exacerbation managed?

SABA, CCS,A, SO2, C/B

A
  • short acting beta agnoist ( Albuterol)
  • corticosteriods
  • antibiotics
  • supplemental O2
  • CPAP or BiPAP
34
Q

what are the complications of late stages COPD?

PHTN, CP

A
  • pulmonary HTN
  • cor pulmonale
35
Q

what is cor pulmonale?

A

trouble w/ the heart due to respiratory issues

36
Q

what are the CM of cor pulmonale?

A
  • dyspnea
  • peripheral edema
  • distended neck veins
  • heptomegaly
37
Q

ABG result

what is respiratory acidosis?

pH down

A

low pH, increased CO2, normal HCO3

38
Q

what causes respiratory acidosis?

pH down

A

hypoventilation that causes CO2

39
Q

what are the manifestations of respiratory acidosis?

H, L , W, C, HK, DBP, DR

A
  • headache
  • lethargy
  • weakness
  • confusion
  • hyperkalemia
  • decreased BP
  • dysrthymia
40
Q

ABG results

what is metabolic acidosis

breathing off sugar

A

low pH, CO2 N, HCO3 low

41
Q

what causes metabolic acidosis?

DKA

A

accumulation of acid or bicarb is lost

42
Q

what are the manifestations of metabolic acidosis?

H, L, W, C, HK, DBP, DMR

A
  • headache
  • lethargy
  • weakness
  • confusion
  • hyperkalemia
  • hypotension
  • decreased muscle reflexes
43
Q

what is an intervention to help a pt experiencing respiratory acidosis?

A
  • 15L of oxygen
  • albuterol
  • ECG
44
Q

ABG

what is respiratory alkalosis?

chicken little scene

A

high pH, CO2 low, HCO3 normal

45
Q

what causes respiratory alkalosis?

anxiety attack

A

when the pt is hyperventilation breathing off too much CO2

46
Q

what are the manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?

LH, HC, HK, HV, T, N/T

A
  • lightheadedness
  • hypocalcemia
  • hypokalemia
  • hyperventilation
  • tachycardia
  • numbness and tingling
47
Q

ABG

what is metabolic alkalosis

expolsive

A

high pH, CO2 normal, HCO3 high

48
Q

what causes metabolic alkalosis?

A

prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, gastric suctioning

49
Q

what are the manifesations of metabolic alkalosis?

R, HC, HK, N/V, T

A
  • restlessness
  • hypocalcemia
  • hypokalemia
  • N/V
  • tremors
50
Q

What interventions can be used for a pt experiencing metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • # 1 stop the loss
  • # 2 replace what has been lossed
51
Q

what is psoriasis?

A

a chronic systemic noninfectious genetic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and joints

52
Q

what is cellulitis?

not edema

A

inflammation of the cells under the skin

53
Q

what interventions can be used on a pt experiencing cellulitis?

MH, I, E

A
  • moist heat
  • immobilization
  • elevation
53
Q

what can be done to manage psoriasis?

WC, B, TM, BIC, CE, M, POS

A
  • wet compress
  • baths
  • topical medication
  • break itch cycle
  • cool enviorment
  • moisturizer
  • prevention of spread
54
Q

what can aggitate skin issues like psoriasis?

A
  • heat
  • itching
  • don’t apply makeup
  • no tightfitted clothing
  • avoid fragrences
  • no atrificial dyes
55
Q

what are the risk factors for developing MRSA?

A
  • althetes
  • immunosupressed
  • chronic skin disorders
56
Q

what does A, B, C, D, E stand for?

skin cancer

A
  • Assymetrical
  • border
  • color
  • diameter
  • evolving
57
Q

what is an abnormal ABCDE assesment?

A
  • A: the shape isnt symmentrical
  • B: jagged edges/ poorly defined
  • C: pink turned red / varying colors
  • D: gotten bigger
  • E: evolving
58
Q

what are the signs of hypoxia?

A
  • restlessnes
  • frantic
  • cyanosis
58
Q

what is carpidopa levidopa used for?

dopamine

A

restores dopamine production in the brain in parkinson’s pts

59
Q

what is multiple sclerosis?

A

autoimmune disease that deconstructs the myelin sheath causing inflammation and scar tissue formation

60
Q

what would you educate a pt with MS on?

AC, SC, DNF

A
  • avoid caffeine
  • self catheterization
  • decreases nightly fluids
61
Q

what are the CM of parkinson’s disease?

TRAP

A

T: tremors
R: ridgity
A: ankinesia and bradykinesia
P: postural instability

62
Q

what is parkinson’s disease?

A

chronic, progressive, uncurable neuro disorder that is caused by destruction of dopamine receptors

63
Q

what signs will be present physically in a pt with parkinson’s diease?

A
  • shuffling gait
  • difficulty walking
  • weakness
  • unstable posture
64
Q

what is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

A

progressive brain and spinal muscular atrophy from destruction of motor neurons

65
Q

what are the clinical manifestations of ALS?

A
  • muscle cramps
  • stiffness
  • pain
  • sleep disorder
  • GERD
  • slow dragging gait
  • drooling
  • difficulty chewing and speaking
  • tongue contractions
66
Q

what disability do you usually see stone face/ lack of emotion?

A

parkinson’s disease

67
Q

what intervention can be used in a pt w/ MS?

A

teach the pt to straight cath themselves

68
Q

neuro

what is the priority when the pt is experiecing an acute exacurbation?

A

aspiration risk and range or motion

69
Q
A

Med Surg (4 decks)

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