Final exam Flashcards
Female reproductive-
what animals have unpaired ovaries
hagfish, birds, bats
how are eggs produced?
oocytes produce eggs, develop into follicles
what is ovulation?
when the egg is released into the coelem
what happens to the ovaries after breeding?
they shrink (EXCEPT IN PLACENTALS)
what are oviducts?
muscular and glandular ducts with an ostium (opening) and an infundibulum (“funnel”) that end at the cloaca
describe the shark oviduct
have large eggs called ovum
single ostium
what is the shell gland in shark oviducts?
Secretes the calcium shell around the fertilized egg
what is the yolk in a shark?
egg cell (ovum) and lipids
do sharks have a uterus?
yes, they are a few viviparous species?
what does viviparous mean?
giving birth to live young that developed inside the mothers body
what is the leathery shell that sometimes surrounds shark eggs?
mermaid’s purse
what do the oviducts look like in derived bony fish?
ovarian cavity is continuous with oviduct
carried directly to genital pore
no cloaca
describe amphibian oviducts
secrete jelly like layer around eggs
have ovisacs
what is the benefit of the jelly layer around amphibians eggs
prevent desiccation
what are ovisacs and what do they do?
caudal expansion of oviduct to store eggs
allows to hold eggs until water and temperature conditions are right
What do somatic nerves control?
Voluntary actions and skeletal muscles
Are sensory nerves afferent or efferent?
Afferent
Where do sensory nerves carry signals?
Central nervous system
Are motor nerves afferent or efferent?
efferent
Where do motor nerves carry signals?
From CNS to effector cells in muscles
What are mixed nerves?
Have both sensory and motor fibers
What do Visceral nerves control?
Involuntary actions
Where do visceral nerves send signals to/from?
organs, glands, and smooth muscle
What is another name for visceral nerves?
autonomic nervous system