Final Exam Flashcards
What is a tumulis?
A mound of earth thats raise over a burial or grave
What is a necropolis?
A large cemetery or city of the dead
What is a fibula?
A decorative brooch used for fastening clothing
What is verism?
A preference for realism over the depiction of the heroic or ideal
What is a colonade?
A series of columns that support a roof
What is a forum?
A name for the open area in a town center that included options for shopping markets, worship, and political activities
What is capitolium?
A roman temple dedicated to Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera) and Minerva (Athena)
What is tesserae
a small block of tile, glass, or stone used in mosiac production
What is bucrania
the skull of an oxen, a common form of decoration in classical architecture
What does Pax Romana mean
Peace of rome
What is a cameo
A gem or other stone with a relief carving; the distinct background color is the inner vein of the stone
What is aqueduct?
An artificial channel for transporting water, typically in the form of a bridge across a valley or other gap
What is a triumphal arch
A free standing archway that often spans a road or marks an entrance; decorated with relief carvings alluding a historical, often military victory
What is a coffer
a recessed panel or series of panels, in a ceiling
What is a tondo?
A circular work of art (plural tondi)
What is a tempera?
Quick drying paint made from mixing powdered pigment with a binding agent (egg yolk)
what is a spoila
building materials or relief salvaged from other works and reused in a different structure
what is porphyry
A hard purple stone from Egypt reserved for sculptures of the imperial family and gods
What is concordia
A harmony
What is apse
a recess at the end of an interior space, often semi circular, and typically reserved for someone or something important; Such as the altar in a church or the throne of a ruler
What is oratory
A prayer chapel
What is diaspora
A population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin
what is a congregational mosque?
the main mosque in a city or town and the location of prayers when the entire community comes together
what is a mihrab?
a prayer niche, usually concabe in shape with an arched top, located in the top wall of the mosque indicating the direction of Mecca
WHat is a minaret?
a tower at mosque, can call prayers and is a visible marker of the mosque on skyline
What is Kufic?
An old arabic script that is angular in form; commonly used to copy the Quran
what is lusterware?
pottery or glassware with metalic glaze
what is luster?
a mettalic over glaze produced by oxides, used on ceramics
What is a parchment
a writing surface prepated from the skin of certain animals that has been treated, stretched, and polished
What is a folio
one leaf of a book
what is a cupola
the underside of a dome; also a domelike element set atop a dome or other roof
What is a architectual palimpset
a structure that has had changes overtime and shows evidence of that change
Four-Iwan Plan
four vaulted halls, each open on one side, positoned around a courtyard to form one large, interconnected space
Madrasa
A school espically for Sunni Islamic law and theology
What is a muquarnas
alternating convex and concave niche like cells, Clustered LIKE HONEYCOMBS; used to decorate spaces in ISLAMIC architecture
Cut tile work
small pieces of glazed tile arranged into patterns and set into plasters to form geometric designs oremenating interior architectural surfaces
Fritware
Ceramic vessels made using combinations of quartz, glass frit
Overglaze
a second decorative applied to already glazed ceramic ware
Mina’i
Derived from the persian word for enamel- describes a multicolored and gilded overglaze process used on ceramics (typically fritware)
Mandala
typically has concentric circles and squares, a diagram of the cosmos used in hinduism, buddhism and other South Asian Religions
Auspicious
signals prosperity, good fortune and a favorable future
Plinth
Base or platform upon which a struture stands
Mandapa
porch or hall located before the inner santum of a hindu temple
Gabbhagriga
A Hindu temple’s innermost sanctum; a small dark space, where the main icon of a deity is housed
Shikhara
A tower above the inner sanctum of a Hindu Temple, used specifically for north indian temples
Architectural polychromy
using different colored materials to create decoratibe patterns in architecture
Pagoda
In East Asia, the stupa form; a tall structure that houses Buddhist relics
Kodno
Literakky “golden hall,” the main hall of a Japanese Buddhist temple
Cantilever
A horizontal beam, slab, or other projecting structural member that is anchored at only one end
Finial
A horizontal beam slab or other projecting structural member that is anchored at only one end
Tableu
A stationary scene of people or objects, arranged for artistic impact
Mandorla
In religious art ( a halo or frame that surrounds the entire body
Tympanum
A lunnete shaped space above a portal; often filled with relief sculpture
VOussoir
A wedge shaped stone block used in the construction of an arch
Archivolts
A molding on the lower curve of an arch
Lintel
A horizontal support above a door or other openings
Trumeau
A section of a wall or a post that divides two doors
Jamb
The two uprights parts of a doorframe
Champleve
A decorative technique in which hollows or cells in the metalwork are filled with enamel
Rib Vault
A vault consisting of numerous intersecting ribs; typically associated with Gothic architecture
Pilasters
A flat, rectangular vertical projection from a wall; usually including a base and a capital and is sometimes fluted
Romanesque
A medieval style of architecture, in the Roman style, characterized by rounded arches
Gothic
A western European medieval style primarily of the mid 12th to 15th centuries, characterized by the use of pointed arches and rib vaults
Lancet
A tall narrow window with a pointed arch at the top
Buttress
An external support to an architectural structure, usually made of brick or stone
Flying Butress
A supporting pier that extends, or flies from an external wall with an arch that provides additonal support to the wall while allowing space for windows
Rock cut
Carved from solid stone, where it naturally occurs
Dry masonry
Construction technique in which stone or bricks are fitted together so tightly that no mortar is needed
Adobe
Made of sun-dried clay; usually combined with organic materials
scarification
Permanent marks created by incising or irritating the skin; used to enhance beauty or establish status
Roof comb
Lattic structure surmounting the rood of a temple; often used to support monumental sculpture
Tumbaga
A gold copper alloy, created with chemicals and heat to bring as much gold to the surface as possible
Tapestry weaving
A process in which patterns are woven directly into the textile, now sewn on aftewards
Warp and weft
In textile weaving, warp threads are the stationary vertical threads held taut to the loom and weft refers to the yarn that is woven horioznontally over and under the warp threads to make cloth
Hanging scroll
A fornat of East Asian painting that is typically taller than it is wide; generally displayed temporarily and may be rolled up and stored easily
Ruled line painting
Painting that reder architecture and other complex, engineered structures with meticulous care, often with the aid of rulers and compasses
Isometric perspective
A system of representing 3-D space and objects on a 2-D surface in which the angle between any two of the three coordinate axes is approximately 120°; the lines have no vanishing points
Literati painters
Educated artists, including scholar officials, who brought literary values into painting, and pursued abstraction and self expression in their art
Ru ware
A type of stoneware that has simple shapes and uses a greenish glaze to give it the appearance of a jade
Fan Painting
a format of East Asian painting in which the image is painted on an oblong, round, or folded FAN
archaism
The use of forms dating to the past and associated with a golden age
physiognomy
The shape, proportion, and composition of facial features
Emaki
Japanese term for a handscroll painting, viewed from right to left
Nio
Paired guardian statues often founf at buddhist temples in japan
Yosegi Zukuri
A japanese technique for making wood sculpture by joining multiple blocks together
Tenshu
The keep or fortified tower of a Japanese castle
Bailey
In castle architecture, HIGH walled courtyard that exposes attackers
Tokonoma
the indoor alcove, often found in a teahouse, used to dsiplay artworks and seasonal plant cuttings
Berbers
A muslim group from North Africa that settled in the region of Spain/Portugal
Crennelation
A fortified wall with notches or openings on top
torque
neck ring, usually metal
Campanile
Italian word for bell tower
Quatrefoil
A decorative design shape consisting of four lobes; resembles a stylized flower
