final exam Flashcards
a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. They combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
Antibodies
great tools in imaging and diagnostics because they are capable of detecting cellular proteins with high affinity and specificity. They can be easily linked to radioisotopes, fluorescent molecules or enzymes that tag specific biomarkers in patients. They also have a shorter half-life in the body which results in faster clearance and may result in fewer risks of side effects from potentially invasive diagnostic agents.
Fragment antibodies (Fab)
a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
cancer
genetic material that causes cancer.
oncogenes
The initiation of cancer. Most sensitive organs to radiation
Carcinogenesis.
Induced carcinogenesis are in: active bone marrow, thyroid, female breasts and lungs.
localized tumor growth
Carcinoma in situ
assessing the extent of tumor spread
tumor staging
a cancer of lymph tissue. Lymph tissue is found in the:
Hodgkins Lymphoma
Lymph tissue is found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow
a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in the B-cells. Common symptoms associated with lymphoma include painless enlargement of one or more lymph node areas, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
B-cell lymphoma (carcinoma)
the most common type of lymphoma and about 85% of all lymphomas in the United States
B-cell lymphoma
An antibody is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous.
Immunoglobulins
Heavy - IgM
regular - IgA, IgE, IgD, IgG
light - light chain dimers
the major antibody found in “normal” human serum.
IgG
the property where an antibody reacts with two or more antigens of similar structure.
Cross-Reactivity
Murine
relating to or affecting mice or related rodents.
These are made from mouse proteins, and the names of the treatments end in -omab. Murine mAbs are used to treat cancer because they can specifically target and find a cancer cell, attach themselves to it, and attack
Murine monoclonal antibody (mabs)
proteins made in a laboratory meant to stimulate your immune system.
Monoclonal antibodies
are risks and complications with monoclonal antibodies
rash, fever, rigors/chills, shortness of breath, sweating, changes in blood pressure and increased heart rate
Slowing down the infusion, decreasing the dose can help limit such react
HAMA response
*Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies - monoclonal antibodies are produced from mouse cells which the human body recognizes as a foreign protein.
is a type of cancer that starts in early nerve cells called neuroblasts
neuroblastoma
a type of cancer that begins in your lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s germ-fighting immune system. - white blood cells called lymphocytes grow abnormally and can form growths (tumors) throughout the body
Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
is a personalized cancer treatment that combines radiation therapy with the precise targeting ability of immunotherapy, a treatment that mimics cellular activity in the body’s immune system.
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)
10% rule
a therapy involving the injection of radioactive fluid into the affected synovial joint capsule where it is trapped. This causes fibrosis in the area that destroys the inflamed and damaged collagen, which then regrows in a healthier manner.
Radiosynoviorthesis (RSV)
a cyclic peptide well known for its strong regulatory effects throughout the body. Also known by the name of growth hormone inhibiting hormone, it is produced in many locations, which include the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, pancreas, hypothalamus, and central nervous system (CNS).
Somatostatin
RP for chronic infection
Ga67
Ga67 infection imaging dose
4-6 mCi
Imaging with Ga67
6 hours - 1 week
How is Ga 67 produced
Cyclotron
T1/2 Ga67
78 hours
How does Ga67 decay
Electron capture
Ga67 energy
93, 184, 296, 388
93 most abundant (39%)
How is Ga67 excreted
Mostly bowel 9-15%
Ga67 critical organ
Large intestine
When can you start imaging with tech WBCs
1-2 hours
What is tech WBCs best for
Acute infections, rapid info, peds
What is combined with SC and why
In 111 for prosthetic infection, bone marrow shift
In 111 critical organ
Liver
In111 WBC dose
500 uCi
In111 WBCs method of localization
Lipophilic and enters the white blood cell membrane
WBC migrates through chemotaxis
In111 WBCs T1/2
67 hours (2.8 days)
How is in111 produced
Accelerator
How does indium 111 decay
Electron capture
