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Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How many paragraphs should an essay have?

A

As many as it takes

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2
Q

What are scientifically supported study strategies?

A

Testing
Interleaving

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3
Q

What type of study can demonstrate a causal relationship?

A

Experimental

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4
Q

Representative sample

A

People represent the demographic to be selected

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5
Q

Is rote memorization effective

A

NO

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6
Q

Falsifiable

A

If there is enough evidence against it

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7
Q

Why is replication important?

A

So other scientists can validate the study

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8
Q

Random sample

A

Everyone has equal chance of being picked

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9
Q

Correlation coefficients

A

Positive- up and up
Negative- down and down
None- non related
Inverse- opposite
Direct- +/-

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messangers

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11
Q

Four lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal- thinking
  2. Occipital- eyes
  3. Temporal- hearing/speech
  4. Parietal- senses
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12
Q

Amygdala

A

Fear

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center

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14
Q

Three divisions of the brain

A
  1. Hindbrain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Forebrain
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15
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

One egg
Share 100% of DNA

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16
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Two eggs
Share 50% of DNA

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17
Q

What is the difference between monozygotic twins attributed to?

A

Environmental changes

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18
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Natural selection

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19
Q

Absolute threshold VS difference threshold

A

Absolute threshold- minimum stimulus needed to detect something

Difference threshold- difference between strength of stimuli until you can detect it

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20
Q

What is the difference about hormones and neurotransmitters

A

Goes through the bloodstream/is slower

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21
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural painkillers

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22
Q

Rods VS cones

A

Rods- black and white
Cones- color

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23
Q

What is sex assigned at birth determined by?

A

Genes

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24
Q

Gender

A

The way you feel/identify

Cultural construct

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25
Gustation
Taste in response to chemicals
26
Olfaction
Smell
27
Four parenting styles
1. Authoritative- good balance 2. Authoritarian- dictator 3. Negligence- not involved 4. Permissive- allows everything
28
Original classical conditioning experiment
Pavlov's dog
29
Acquistion
Gain the skill (Salivating at the bell)
30
Discrimination
Understanding the difference between stimuli and other sounds
31
Generalization
All sounds are similar to the stimulus
32
Positive VS negative operant conditioning
Positive- adding Negative- taking away
33
Reinforcement VS punshiment
Reinforcement- continue the behavior Punishment- stop doing the behavior
34
Social learning theory
Observing/imitating others
35
What does adolescence start?
Puberty
36
What is the zone of proximal development
Area where you can learn something new but need help
37
Gender identity
How you identify
38
Personality
Patterns
39
Informative VS normative social influence
Informative- thinking someone has more information than you do Normative- wanting to be normal/following the crowd
40
When are we more likely to be attracted to someone?
-Proximity -Similarity
41
Bystander effect
The more people around, the less likely you are to help
42
Conformity study
Line study, conforming to the group
43
Obedience to authority study
Lab coat man says to keep shocking the subject and they listen
44
Are repressed memories real?
NO
45
Just world phenomenon
Believe you get back what you put in (karma)
46
Reciprocal determinism
Your own personal factors/environmental influences/behaviors impact each other
47
What three factors compose prejuidice?
1. Discrimination 2. Stereotypes 3. Negative emotions
48
When are memories used for eye witness testimonies accuracte?
-Person is older -No leading questions -Not hipnosis
49
3 step memory model
Sensory, short term, long term
50
Big 5 personality traits
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
51
What is personality determined by?
Genetics
52
What leads to prejuidice?
In group out group bias
53
What leads to longer relationships?
-Supporting partner -More positive than negative interactions -Vulnerability -Sharing tasks
54
Fundamental attribution error
Making a wrongful assumption about someone, but not knowing their situation
55
Steyotype
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
56
Social identity theory
Being in groups determines who we are
57
4 D's of psycopathology
Distress Danger Dysfunction Deviance
58
What are eating disorders about
Control
59
What is dissociation caused by
Trauma
60
Most common psychological disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder/major depressive disorder
61
Antisocial personality disorder
No empathy
62
Schitozphreinia
Hallucinations
63
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Can be treated
64
PTSD
Flashbacks/memories of event
65
Mania
Full mania is more dangerous
66
Medical model of psychological disorders
67
ADHD
Have a different brain structure
68
Autism
Cannot be cured/caused by vaccines -Deficits in social situations/behaviors
69
Is therapy effective?
Yes
70
Therapeutic orientaiton
Style of therapy
71
Most of the change of therapy happens because of what?
Outside factors
72
APA ethical code?
Must follow code
73
Inight based therapies
Help people understand themselves better
74
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Changing behaviors and thoughts
75
Dodo bird verdict
All therapies are equally effective
76
What three things are common to all psychotherapies
1. Relationship between therapist and patient 2. Generating hope 3. New perspective
77
Unconditional positive regard
No matter what happens you won't judge client as a therapist/care for them

Psychology (5 decks)

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