Exam 2

Question 1

What is the difference between rods and cones?

Answer 1

Cones- colorful
Rods- black, white, and grey

Question 2

Perceptual adaptation

Answer 2

Can adjust our perception even when our vision is changed

Question 3

Audition

Answer 3

Hearing

Question 4

Which process happens first to hear?

Answer 4

Sound waves physically move ear drum

Question 5

Cochlea

Answer 5

Inner ear which include fluid

Important for balance

Question 6

Auditory nerve

Answer 6

Transports message from inner part of ear to brain

Question 7

Endorphines

Answer 7

Natural painkillers flight or fight

Question 8

Gustation

Answer 8

Taste

Sensing chemicals in food

Question 9

Olfaction

Answer 9

Smell

Sensing chemicals in the air

Question 10

Kinesthesia

Answer 10

The sense of body position and movement

Question 11

Vestibular sense

Answer 11

Balance

Question 12

Motor developmet

Answer 12

How kids develop a movement

universal motor development sequence

Question 13

How is skill development different from motor develeopment?

Answer 13

Cultural/environmental difference in skill development

Question 14

Sensorimotor

Answer 14

Seeing and touching makes it real

Question 15

Pre-operational

Answer 15

Don’t understand conservation yet

Question 16

Conservation

Answer 16

Understand transformations like a tall skinny glass of water having the same amount has a short fat glass

Question 17

Concrete operational

Answer 17

Comprehending math transformations and conservation

Question 18

Formal Operational

Answer 18

Abstract reasoning/non-tangible

Question 19

Zone of proximal development

Answer 19

Specific zone where people learn the most from doing things with help/without help

Question 20

When does adolescence start?

Answer 20

Puberty

Question 21

What is the main conflict of adolescence?

Answer 21

Identity

Question 22

Neutral stimulus

Answer 22

A stimulus that doesn’t create any automatic response (bell)

Question 23

What is the best example of classical conditioning?

Answer 23

Pavlov’s dogs

Question 24

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 24

A stimulus that creates an unconditioned response (meat)

Question 25

Unconditioned response

Answer 25

A response to a stimulus you automatically do without thinking (salivating)

Question 26

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 26

A stimulus that produces a certain response (bell means food)

Question 27

Conditioned response

Answer 27

A response that you have learned through association (salivating to bell because bell=food)

Question 28

What was Pavlov's original experiment

Answer 28

Ringing bell/showing food, bell means food, dogs salivate from bell

Question 29

Acquisition

Answer 29

The initial stage of classical conditioning (when you start to learn/acquire the learned association)

Question 30

Extinction

Answer 30

When the association goes away

Question 31

Generalization

Answer 31

Applying the association to more than just the conditioned stimulus

Question 32

Discrimnation

Answer 32

Recognizing difference in similar stimuli

Question 33

Positive reinforcement

Answer 33

Add something to increase the desired behavior

Question 34

Positive punishment

Answer 34

Add something to decrease undesired behavior (adding on more jail time to someone who did something bad)

Question 35

Operant conditioning

Answer 35

Rewards and punishments

Question 36

BF Skinner experiment

Answer 36

Skinner showed that pidgins will press a button for a snack

Question 37

Shaping

Answer 37

Gradually rewarding behaviors until the desired behavior is achieved *Successive approximations/lots of training looks like this*

Question 38

Reinforement

Answer 38

Want you to do more of the thing

Question 39

Punishment

Answer 39

Want you to do less of the thing

Question 40

Negative reinforcement

Answer 40

Remove something to increase the desired behavior (i.e. taking away homework for being a good student)

Question 41

Negative punishment

Answer 41

Remove something to decrease undesired behavior (taking phone away for using it in class)

Question 42

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 42

Desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs/good for teaching someone the new behavior

Question 43

Partial reinforcement

Answer 43

Good for keeping the new behavior alive/don't get the reinforcement every time

Question 44

Gender expression

Answer 44

How you demonstrate your gender to others *Clothes, style, hair, etc..."

Question 45

Gender identity

Answer 45

Gender that matches who you are/what you feel

Question 46

Sex assigned at birth

Answer 46

Genetic/genes/biological

Question 47

Intersex

Answer 47

Combination between sex organs of both sexes

Question 48

Cisgender

Answer 48

Sex matches their identity (cisgender woman is AFAB)

Question 49

Transgender

Answer 49

Sex does not mat gender identity

Question 50

Agender

Answer 50

No gender

Question 51

Social learning theory

Answer 51

We learn by observing and imitating others

Question 52

What kind of sounds do humans hear best?

Answer 52

Voices

Question 53

What don't you have a touch sensation for?

Answer 53

Wetness

Question 54

Five taste senses

Answer 54

sweet-energy source, sour-potentially toxic acid, salty-sodium essential, bitter-potential poisons, umami-proteins

Question 55

Authoratative

Answer 55

Creates positive relationship/enforces rules but cares

Question 56

Authoratarian

Answer 56

Obedience and punishment over discipline

Question 57

Negligence/uninvolved

Answer 57

Little guidance or attention/very absent

Question 58

Permissive

Answer 58

Don't enforce rules/free range

Question 59

Is reinforcement or punishment better for parenting?

Answer 59

Reinforcement

Question 60

What are four basic skin sensations?

Answer 60

Pressure, hot, cold, and pain

Question 61

What are the seven sensory systems?

Answer 61

Touch. Hearing. Sight. Taste. Smell. Vestibular. Proprioception.