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Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between rods and cones?

A

Cones- colorful
Rods- black, white, and grey

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2
Q

Perceptual adaptation

A

Can adjust our perception even when our vision is changed

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3
Q

Audition

A

Hearing

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4
Q

Which process happens first to hear?

A

Sound waves physically move ear drum

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5
Q

Cochlea

A

Inner ear which include fluid

Important for balance

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6
Q

Auditory nerve

A

Transports message from inner part of ear to brain

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7
Q

Endorphines

A

Natural painkillers flight or fight

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8
Q

Gustation

A

Taste

Sensing chemicals in food

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9
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell

Sensing chemicals in the air

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10
Q

Kinesthesia

A

The sense of body position and movement

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11
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Balance

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12
Q

Motor developmet

A

How kids develop a movement

universal motor development sequence

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13
Q

How is skill development different from motor develeopment?

A

Cultural/environmental difference in skill development

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14
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Seeing and touching makes it real

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15
Q

Pre-operational

A

Don’t understand conservation yet

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16
Q

Conservation

A

Understand transformations like a tall skinny glass of water having the same amount has a short fat glass

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17
Q

Concrete operational

A

Comprehending math transformations and conservation

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18
Q

Formal Operational

A

Abstract reasoning/non-tangible

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19
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Specific zone where people learn the most from doing things with help/without help

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20
Q

When does adolescence start?

A

Puberty

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21
Q

What is the main conflict of adolescence?

A

Identity

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22
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

A stimulus that doesn’t create any automatic response (bell)

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23
Q

What is the best example of classical conditioning?

A

Pavlov’s dogs

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24
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

A stimulus that creates an unconditioned response (meat)

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25
Q

Unconditioned response

A

A response to a stimulus you automatically do without thinking (salivating)

26
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

A stimulus that produces a certain response (bell means food)

27
Q

Conditioned response

A

A response that you have learned through association (salivating to bell because bell=food)

28
Q

What was Pavlov’s original experiment

A

Ringing bell/showing food, bell means food, dogs salivate from bell

29
Q

Acquisition

A

The initial stage of classical conditioning (when you start to learn/acquire the learned association)

30
Q

Extinction

A

When the association goes away

31
Q

Generalization

A

Applying the association to more than just the conditioned stimulus

32
Q

Discrimnation

A

Recognizing difference in similar stimuli

33
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Add something to increase the desired behavior

34
Q

Positive punishment

A

Add something to decrease undesired behavior (adding on more jail time to someone who did something bad)

35
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Rewards and punishments

36
Q

BF Skinner experiment

A

Skinner showed that pidgins will press a button for a snack

37
Q

Shaping

A

Gradually rewarding behaviors until the desired behavior is achieved

Successive approximations/lots of training looks like this

38
Q

Reinforement

A

Want you to do more of the thing

39
Q

Punishment

A

Want you to do less of the thing

40
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Remove something to increase the desired behavior (i.e. taking away homework for being a good student)

41
Q

Negative punishment

A

Remove something to decrease undesired behavior (taking phone away for using it in class)

42
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs/good for teaching someone the new behavior

43
Q

Partial reinforcement

A

Good for keeping the new behavior alive/don’t get the reinforcement every time

44
Q

Gender expression

A

How you demonstrate your gender to others

*Clothes, style, hair, etc…”

45
Q

Gender identity

A

Gender that matches who you are/what you feel

46
Q

Sex assigned at birth

A

Genetic/genes/biological

47
Q

Intersex

A

Combination between sex organs of both sexes

48
Q

Cisgender

A

Sex matches their identity (cisgender woman is AFAB)

49
Q

Transgender

A

Sex does not mat gender identity

50
Q

Agender

A

No gender

51
Q

Social learning theory

A

We learn by observing and imitating others

52
Q

What kind of sounds do humans hear best?

A

Voices

53
Q

What don’t you have a touch sensation for?

A

Wetness

54
Q

Five taste senses

A

sweet-energy source, sour-potentially toxic acid, salty-sodium essential, bitter-potential poisons, umami-proteins

55
Q

Authoratative

A

Creates positive relationship/enforces rules but cares

56
Q

Authoratarian

A

Obedience and punishment over discipline

57
Q

Negligence/uninvolved

A

Little guidance or attention/very absent

58
Q

Permissive

A

Don’t enforce rules/free range

59
Q

Is reinforcement or punishment better for parenting?

A

Reinforcement

60
Q

What are four basic skin sensations?

A

Pressure, hot, cold, and pain

61
Q

What are the seven sensory systems?

A

Touch.
Hearing.
Sight.
Taste.
Smell.
Vestibular.
Proprioception.

Psychology (5 decks)

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