Final Exam Flashcards
The four different types of tissue
Connective, Epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous
What do platelets do?
They form clots to prevent bleeding
What do red cells transport?
They transfer oxygen throughout the body
What is a ligament?
A connection of bone to bone
What is a tendon?
A connection of muscle to bone
How many different organ systems are there?
11 organ systems (Integumentary , Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive)
What is the purpose of the Integumentary system?
Protect your body from bacteria, infection, and sunlight
What does the Reproductive system produce?
They produce eggs in the ovaries and sperm in the testes. They also make sex hormones
What cells make up your nervous tissue?
Neurons
What is a joint?
The place in which two or more bone meet
What is adipose tissue?
Body fat
Purpose of the Nervous system?
To send messages from various parts of your body to your brain
Purpose of the lymphatic system?
To transport fluids back to blood and act as the bodies defense and resistance to disease.
What do white blood cells do?
Fight against diseases
What is dwarfism?
A disease caused by having a lack of growth hormone, causing the person to be abnormally small.
What is Gigantism?
A disease cause by overexertion of growth hormone, causing the person to be abnormally tall.
What is Prolactin?
A hormone that’s responsible for lactation, certain breast tissue development and milk production.
What is Graves’ Disease?
Graves’ disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones
What are gonads?
Glands that produce hormones that are involved in reproduction such as testes and ovaries.
What are gametes?
A reproductive cell of an animal such as egg or sperm.
What is hyperglycemia?
This happens when there’s too much sugar (glucose) in your blood.
What is Rickets?
Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency.
How many pituitary lobes are there?
Two (Posterior and Anterior)
What is needed to synthesize thyroid hormone?
Iodine is required along with T hormones
What is the hypothalamus?
Keep your body in a stable state called homeostasis.
What does oxytocin do?
Increasing contractions to induce labour and birth, and the release of milk from the breast after birth.
What does calcitonin do?
Regulates levels of calcium in the blood
What hormone raises blood sugar levels?
Glucagon
What is Hashimitos Disease?
The immune system creates antibodies that attack thyroid cells as if they were bacteria
What are the organs that filter blood?
The kidneys
What is the bladder?
The storage and expender of waste such as urine.
What type of muscle is found in the urinary tract?
Smooth muscle
What gland regulates your metabolism?
The thyroid gland
Largest bone in your body?
Femur
Alternative name for your collar bones?
Clavicle
Alternative name for your shoulder blades?
Scapulas
Alternative name for your knee bone?
Patella
What is a hydrostatic skeleton?
A skeleton that is made up mostly of water.
How many pairs of ribs do you have?
12
What is the mandible?
Jaw
4 stages to process food
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
Waste product of the digestive system?
Undigested parts of food, fluid, and older cells from the lining of your GI tract. In other words, urine and feces.
What is peristalsis?
The involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract.
What is Chyme?
The semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.
What is mucosa?
The soft tissue that lines the body’s canals and organs in the digestive, respiratory and reproductive systems.
Alternative name for the digestive tract?
Alimentary tract
2 types of digestion?
Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
3 purposes of the stomach?
Temporarily store food. Contract and relax to mix and break down food. Produce enzymes and other specialized cells to digest food
What happens in the large intestines?
Absorbing water and electrolytes, producing and absorbing vitamins, and forming and propelling feces toward the rectum for elimination.
What is an omnivore?
An animal that eat plant and animals
