Bio Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A series of signaling molecules that give the body instructions

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2
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

The control center of hormones and glands.

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3
Q

How many lobes are in the pituitary gland and how how many come from each lobe?

A

2 lobes: Posterior and Anterior
Posterior: 2
Anterior: 6

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4
Q

What does antidiuretic do?

A

Controls the kidney and induces water conservation

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5
Q

What does oxytocin target and what are the effects?

A

It controls the uterus and mammary glands to produce milk movement

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6
Q

What is adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

An adrenal gland that releases cortisol (Regulates metabolism and immune response)

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7
Q

Where does FSH target and where does it mature from?

A

It targets the ovaries/testes to secrete estrogen + testosterone; Eggs and sperm

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8
Q

What does luteinizing hormone do the ovaries?

A

Causes women to produce progesterone or movement of testosterone.

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9
Q

What is prolactin?

A

Produces milk in the mammary gland.

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10
Q

What causes giantism?

A

Caused by a tumor in the brain brushing against the pituitary gland causing an oversecretion of the growth hormone.

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11
Q

What causes dwarfism?

A

Undersecretion of the growth hormone.

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12
Q

What does the thyroid regulate?

A

Regulates the secretion of calcitonin and TH hormone that regulates metabolism.

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13
Q

What is needed to synthesize iodine?

A

It needs to be consumed

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14
Q

What is cretinism?

A

A disease that babies are born with due to their mothers lacking iodine while carrying to term; Causing a lack of TH hormones, which causes a series of issues.

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15
Q

What is Hashimotos?

A

A autoimmune disease that causes your white blood cells to start attacking the thyroid, preventing it from secreting the TH hormones.

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Graves disease?

A

Severely underweight
Anxious
Insomnia
Tremors

17
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

Obesity
Depression
Fatigued
Sensitivity to the cold

18
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

Four

19
Q

What are Rickets?

A

Parathyroid hormone breaks down too much bone, but there sin’t any vitamin D to absorb the bone, causing the bones to weaken.

20
Q

What does insulin do and where does it store it?

A

It takes sugar out of the body and stores it in the muscle cells, liver, and fat.

21
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

It puts more sugar in the body

22
Q

What is hyperglycemia?

A

When an individual has too much sugar in their blood stream.

23
Q

What does epinephrine do?

A

Fight or flight hormone

24
Q

What is Cushings disease?

A

Elevated amounts of cortisol in the blood stream.

25
Q

What is the male sex hormone?

A

Testosterone

26
Q

What are gonads?

A

Testes and Ovaries

27
Q

What are gametes?

A

Eggs and sperm

28
Q

What doe melatonin regulate?

A

Sleep-wake cycle

29
Q

What does thymulin do?

A

Matures the white blood cells and turns them into T cells.

30
Q

What organ filters blood?

A

Kidneys

31
Q

What are the utterers?

A

Connects kidneys to bladder

32
Q

What is the urethra?

A

Empties bladder

33
Q
A