Bio Test Flashcards
What is a hormone?
A series of signaling molecules that give the body instructions
What is the hypothalamus?
The control center of hormones and glands.
How many lobes are in the pituitary gland and how how many come from each lobe?
2 lobes: Posterior and Anterior
Posterior: 2
Anterior: 6
What does antidiuretic do?
Controls the kidney and induces water conservation
What does oxytocin target and what are the effects?
It controls the uterus and mammary glands to produce milk movement
What is adrenocorticotropic hormone?
An adrenal gland that releases cortisol (Regulates metabolism and immune response)
Where does FSH target and where does it mature from?
It targets the ovaries/testes to secrete estrogen + testosterone; Eggs and sperm
What does luteinizing hormone do the ovaries?
Causes women to produce progesterone or movement of testosterone.
What is prolactin?
Produces milk in the mammary gland.
What causes giantism?
Caused by a tumor in the brain brushing against the pituitary gland causing an oversecretion of the growth hormone.
What causes dwarfism?
Undersecretion of the growth hormone.
What does the thyroid regulate?
Regulates the secretion of calcitonin and TH hormone that regulates metabolism.
What is needed to synthesize iodine?
It needs to be consumed
What is cretinism?
A disease that babies are born with due to their mothers lacking iodine while carrying to term; Causing a lack of TH hormones, which causes a series of issues.
What is Hashimotos?
A autoimmune disease that causes your white blood cells to start attacking the thyroid, preventing it from secreting the TH hormones.
What are the symptoms of Graves disease?
Severely underweight
Anxious
Insomnia
Tremors
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Obesity
Depression
Fatigued
Sensitivity to the cold
How many parathyroid glands are there?
Four
What are Rickets?
Parathyroid hormone breaks down too much bone, but there sin’t any vitamin D to absorb the bone, causing the bones to weaken.
What does insulin do and where does it store it?
It takes sugar out of the body and stores it in the muscle cells, liver, and fat.
What does glucagon do?
It puts more sugar in the body
What is hyperglycemia?
When an individual has too much sugar in their blood stream.
What does epinephrine do?
Fight or flight hormone
What is Cushings disease?
Elevated amounts of cortisol in the blood stream.
What is the male sex hormone?
Testosterone
What are gonads?
Testes and Ovaries
What are gametes?
Eggs and sperm
What doe melatonin regulate?
Sleep-wake cycle
What does thymulin do?
Matures the white blood cells and turns them into T cells.
What organ filters blood?
Kidneys
What are the utterers?
Connects kidneys to bladder
What is the urethra?
Empties bladder
