Final Exam

Question 1

perceptual learning

Answer 1

learning to recognize a particular stimulus

Question 2

stimulus-response learning

Answer 2

learning to automatically make a particular response in the presence of a particular stimulus (perceptual learning)

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

when a stimulus that initially produces no response is followed several times by an US that produces a UR (US–> CS) (UR —> CR)
(stimulus response learning)

Question 4

Hebb rule

Answer 4

cellular basis of learning involves strengthening of a synapse that is repeatedly active when the post synaptic neuron fires

Question 5

instrumental conditioning

Answer 5

learning procedure whereby the effects of a particular behavior in a particular situation increase/decrease the probability of the behavior (reinforcing/punishing) (stimulus-response learning)

Question 6

reinforcing stimuli

Answer 6

“favorable” consequences

increase likelihood of behavior

Question 7

punishing stimuli

Answer 7

“unfavorable” consequences

decrease likelihood of behavior

Question 8

motor learning

Answer 8

learning to make a new response through est. of changes w/in the motor syst

more novel the behavior = more neural circuts modified

Question 9

relational learning

Answer 9

learning the relationships among ind. stimuli

episodic learning

Question 10

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 10

long term increase in the excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input cause by repeated high freq. activity of that input

can last for several mths

Question 11

population EPSP

Answer 11

evoked potential that represents the EPSPs of a population of neurons

Question 12

associative LTP

Answer 12

LTP in which concurrent stimulation of weak/strong synapses strengthens the weak synapse

Question 13

Role of NMDA receptors

Answer 13

Must be activated to est. LTP so Ca2+ can enter dendritic spines (depolarization)

Question 14

dendritic spikes

Answer 14

action potential that occurs in the dendrite of some type of pyramidal cells

Question 15

AMPA receptor

Answer 15

glutamate receptor that controls a Na+ channel; when open —> EPSP

strengthening of a synapse = increasing AMDA receptors to post synaptic membrane

Question 16

CaM-KII

Answer 16

enzyme that must be activated by Ca2+ and plays a role in the est. of LTPs

Question 17

Declarative (Explicit) Memory

Answer 17

conscious awareness- able to describe these memories

Question 18

Non declarative (Implicit) Memory

Answer 18

unconscious memory; measured by performance/behavior

Question 19

Types of Explicit Memory

Answer 19

1. Episodic

2. Semantic

Question 20

Episodic Memory

Answer 20

memory for episodes- autobiographical

unique

Question 21

Semantic memory

Answer 21

generic knowledge

largely shared by ind. of the same culture