Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Care 1 > Final exam > Flashcards

Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Gi assessment and Hx- what questions do you ask?

A

Diet recall, last BM, pain while eating, characteristics of pain, unintentional weight loss, alcohol, caffeine, allergies,N/V/D, family Hx, dyspepsia, abd pain, bloating, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gi assessment- prioritization of abnormal findings

A

Inspection- beginning in RUQ, discoloration, distension, pulsation, lesions, color
Auscultation- begin in RLQ, report bruit (aneurysm)
Palpation- organ sizes, masses, tenderness, guarding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Age related GI changes

A

Peristalsis slows, sodium loss, decrease in gastric secretions, decrease in absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Interventions for GI related age changes

A

Promote fluid intake, high fiber diet, exercise, encourage supplements and vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prevention for GI related age changes

A

Encourage adequate fluid intake, fiber, exercise, small frequent meals, high nutrition foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for X-ray

A

Answer questions, stricture/obstruction confirmation, s/s of obstruction, no jewelry, belts, zippers, buttons, telemetry leads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for Upper GI series

A

-Radiographic imaging of esophagus, stomach, intestinal tract barium swallow test
-Gastric ulcers, peristaltic disorders, Tumors, various, intestinal enlargements/constrictions
-NPO, avoid smoking or chewing gum,monitor elimination of contrast and report retention of contrast material (constipation) or diarrhea, stools will be white for 24-72 hours until barium clears
-assess client understanding of bowel prep, assess for contraindications for bowel prep i.e. perforation, obstruction, inflammatory Disease
-monitor elimination for contrast material and administer laxative as prescribed, encourage fluid intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for MRI(GI)

A

Look for obstructions/perforations,/blockages
Remove all metal and jewelry, lie still, monitor VS if sedated for anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for CT (w/ and w/o contrast- GI)

A

Visualization of blockages, tumors, obstructions, etc
Medication list->any react with contrast?
Stop metformin 48 hours before CT and resume when kidney function returns to normal, monitor VS and assess pt for contrast reactions, encourage fluid intake to flush contrast out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for Abdominal ultrasound

A

Visualize ulcers, blockages, obstructions, abnormalities
Positioning and clothing removed in area, wipe off jelly from skin and answer all questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for Endoscopic ultrasound

A

NPO4-6 hours before, consent obtain, explore esophagus, stomach, and intestines
General anesthesia, airway management
Monitor VS for complications and maintain airway until pt conscious and able to support self.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for EGD

A

Endoscope through mouth to duodenum to identify/treat areas of bleeding, dilate esophageal stricture, and diagnose gastric lesions/celiac disease
-topical anesthetic to suppress gag reflex, moderate sedation per IV, left-side laying with HOB up, NPO 6-8 hrs before, remove dentures prior, atropine to decrease secretions
-monitor VS and resp status, notify if bleeding, abd or chest pain, evidence of infection, withhold fluids until gag reflex returns, d/c IVF once oral fluids tolerated
-do not drive/use quipment 12-18 hr after procedure, use lozenges for sore throat, report s/s bleeding (melena,hematemesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for ERCP

A

Endoscope through mouth to biliary tree via duodenum- visualization of biliary ducts,gall bladder, liver, pancreas.
-moderate seed at ion via IV and atropine to decrease secretions, initial semi-prone w/ repositioning throughout , NPO 6-8 hr before
-monitor VS and resp status, report signs of bleeding or abd/chest pain, infection. IVF until gag relfex returns- d/c IVF once oral fluids tolerated
-do not drive/operate machinery 12-18 hrs after procedure,use lozenges to ease sore throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pt prep, education, indication, implications, post-procedure care for pH monitoring

A

Tube is inserted into the nares right above LES to monitor the pH, 24-48 hours of recording. Must record food and s/s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for GERD

A

Dyspepsia,pyrosis, odynophagia,pain that occurs after eating lasts 20min-2 hr, increased flatus and eructation, pain relieved by sitting upright, drinking water or antacids, manifestations 4-5 times per week
-EGD,pH monitoring,esophageal manometry, barium swallow
-PPI(-prazole), H2 blockers(-tidine), antacids, prokinetics
-avoid citrus fruits, caffeine , carbonation, avoid large meals
-remain upright after eating, elevate HOB, avoid eating 2-3 hours before bedtime
-aspiration of gastric secretion, Barrett’s epithelium(premalignant) and esophageal adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Hiatal hernia

A

Sliding: heartburn, reflux, CP, dysphagia, belching
Rolling:fullness after eating,sense of breathlessness/suffocation, CP, worsening of manifestations while reclining
-pharyngitis and inspiratory/expiratory wheeze
-barium swallow with fluoroscopy, EGD, CT of chest w/ contrast
PPI, antacids
-fundoplication, laparoscopic Nissan fundoplication
-volvulus, obstruction, strangulation, iron-deficiency anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the stomach or esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Strangulation

A

Paraesophageal hernia/rolling: compression of blood vessels to the herniated portion of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hiatal hernia: sliding vs paraesophageal

A

Sliding: portion of stomach and gastroesophageal junction moves above diaphragm
Paraesophageal (rolling): fungus of stomach moves above diaphragm, gastroesophageal junction remains below diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of hernia is the most common?

A

Sliding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Esophageal tumors

A

Silent in beginning, persistent and progressive dysphagia(rapidly weeks to months), feeling of food stuck in throat, odynophagia (painful swallowing), hoarseness, chronic cough and hiccups, weight loss (more than 20 lb); Dx with EGD, PET scan; tx=nutrition/swallowing therapy with registered dietician, daily weights, HOB above 30, thickened liquids/soft diet; liquid supplements for calories , chemo and radiation to decrease tumor size, esophagectomy-> stop smoking several weeks b4, remain semi/high fowlers to support ventilation and reduce reflux and support chest drainage system , respiratory care-> TCDB Q hr,lung sounds Q 1 hr, intubated for 1st 16-24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Gastritis (acute)

A

Long-term NSAID use=acute gastritis and resolves within a few days; alcohol,caffeine,smoking, stress make it worse
Sudden onset, short duration, local irritation, severe s/s=pain, dyspepsia, hematemesis, melena
Dx=EGD
Tx=avoid alcohol and NSAID use, proper food prep(food poisoning), supportive-IVF and pain management , treat underlying cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Gastritis (chronic)

A

White patchy parts of inflammation leading to damage over time, vitamin B-12 absorption issues(deficiencies), most commonly caused by H.Pylori, increased risk for gastric cancer
Autoimmune, pernicious anemia, H.Pylori
Long-term, diffuse and patchy
Few s/s unless ulceration->N/V, pain
Dx=EGD
Tx= treat underlying cause and meds->PPIs, H2 blockers, Antacids, Mucosal barrier agents (sucralfate and kerafate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for PUD

A

GI mucosa can’t defend itself, most commonly H.Pylori infection
S/s=epigastric tenderness and pain (sharp, burning, gnawing), dyspepsia(most commonly reported)
Three types: duodenal, gastric, stress(ulcers)
Perforation= peritonitis, rigid-board like abd, rebound tenderness, severe pain
Complications= bleeding (vomiting bright red blood and coffee ground emesis, melena), pyloric obstruction (edema and inflammation), perforation
Dx= blood labs, breath (urea), or stool (H. Pylori presence), EGD
Tx=abx (amoxicillin and clarithromycin about 2 wks) and PPI, H2 blockers, antacids, bland foods surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Gastric cancer

A

Risks= H.Pylori, chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, pickled foods, nitrates
Early s/s= dyspepsia, abd discomfort, feeling of fullness, epigastric, back, or retrosternal pain(or asymptomatic)
Advanced s/s= N/V, IDA,palpable mass, weakness/fatigue, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes
Tx= chemo, radiation, surgery (total/subtotal gastrectomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Dumping syndrome

A

Rapid passage of food into jejunum and drawing of fluid into jejunum causing abd distension
Early s/s within 30 min of eating (vertigo, tachycardia, syncope, pallor, diaphoresis desire to lay down)
Late s/s within 90 min-3 hrs of eating(ra;id entry of high CHO into jejunum=rise in glucose, then excessive insulin release, risk for hypoglycemia-dizziness, diaphroesis, confusion palpatations)
Tx=avoid fluid with meals (inc gastric emptying), avoid high CHO/sugar intake, eat high-protein, high fat to avoid dumping, gastrectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for IBS

A

IBS-C. IBS-D, mixed
Abd bloating/pain
Cause unknown-> stress, diet, genetics, environment
Hydrogen breath test(NPO, small amts of sugar given, samples taken over a few hours=bacterial overgrowth=hydrogen presence), blood tests normal
Tx=30-40g/day fiber, increase fluid, consitpation=insoluble fiber (spinach, broccoli, brown rice, whole wheat)
Diarrhea=soluble fiber (oats and beans), may need to take probiotic, regular meals, stress reduction, IBS-C=laxatives (Metamucil and Linaclotide)-psylllium hydrophilic muciloid
IBS-D= antidiarrheals-loperamide (psyllium, alosetron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Herniation

A

reducible or irreducible (incarcerated), strangulation=bowel and hernia twisted, blood supply cut off=ischmeia and obstructions->peritonints, sepsis, perforation; pt c/o N/V, pain, fever, s/s infection, tachycardia
Can be epigastric, incisional, direct inguinal, indirect inguinal, umbilical, femoral
Tx= truss (applies pressure to keep reducible hernia in place), herniorrphaphy and hernioplasty

30
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Colorectal cancer

A
31
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Intestinal obstructions

A
32
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Polyps

A
33
Q

S/S, findings, labs, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications, safety considerations for Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, distended veins form increased abd pressure-striating, obesity, pregnancy
Stops being symptomatic 3-5 days
Bright red blood, itching
Tx= supportive care (sitz baths, prevent increase abd pressure, increase fiber, fluids, stool softeners, topical anesthetics, anti-itch ointment)
Hemorrhoidectomy—>clip and cauterize

34
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Nissan fundoplication

A

If drugs dont work to treat hiatal hernia
Fundus wrapped around and sutured to esophagus to prevent it form sliding, transthoracic/abdominal laparascopic (ideal)
Pre- stop smoking, lose weight
Post- avoid carbonation and raw veggies, s/s infection and bleeding, early ambulating, open respiratory status, elevate HOB at least 30 degrees, splint incision, IS, TCDB, NG tube (prevent wrap from narrowing esophagus), initial dark brown output from blood and normal after 8 hrs), clear liquid diet and advance as tolerated for 4-6 wks, fuller quicker, more frequent small meals dysphagia very common

35
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Esophageal tumor surgery

A

Cardiovascular: pressure on posterior heart during surgery, s/s of fluid overload (A-Fib during)
Wound management-s/s infection, monitor for leakage at anastomosis
NG tube- dont aspirate residual-damages mucosal tissue easier, oral care, check placement, dont irrigate or reposition its for decompression, barium swallow 1 wk post op if leaks out, anastomotic leak, no leak=oral intake of fluids for two weeks and increase over time

36
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Gastrectomy

A

Tx for ulcers, upper GI bleeding, gastric cancer and dumping syndrome
Can be total or subtotal
Complications:delayed gastric emptying (resolves within a week due to anastomosis edema) and malabsorption(decreased surface area to absorb)
NPO 4-6 hours before, NG tube for decompression, clear liquid diet

37
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Hernia repair

A
38
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Colorectal cancer surgeries

A
39
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Exploratory laparotomy

A
40
Q

Acid base issues for GI problems

A
41
Q

Lower GI diagnostics

A
42
Q

GI labs-indications and pt education

A

FOBT-bleeding in GI

43
Q

S/S, risk factors, findings, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications/safety considerations for appendicitis

A

Appendectomy
Peritonitis
Bowel perforation
Appendix perforation
Caused by hard fecal matter blocking , pressure continues to build
Can become septic
Bursting=med emergency
RLQ pain=most common s/s reported

44
Q

S/S, risk factors, findings, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications/safety considerations for Peritonitis

A

abdominal surgery, appendicitis, bowel perforations, pancreatitis
S/S= rigid-board like abdominal pain, fever, rebound tenderness
blood cultures, CBC
can become septic, perf bowel, pancreatitis

45
Q

S/S, risk factors, findings, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications/safety considerations for Gastroenteritis

A

N/V, fever, anorexia, abd pain that worsens when eating
-traveling outside of the country, surgery
-electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, metabolic alkalosis/acidosis

46
Q

S/S, risk factors, findings, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications/safety considerations for Ulcerative colitis

A
47
Q

S/S, risk factors, findings, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications/safety considerations for Crohn’s disease

A
48
Q

S/S, risk factors, findings, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications/safety considerations for Paralytic ileus

A
49
Q

S/S, risk factors, findings, diagnostics, tx, care, education, meds, nutrition, complications/safety considerations for Cholecystitis

A
50
Q

Care for colostomies

A

Skin integrity, stoma=red beefy and moist
Change bag when 1/3-1/2 full, change whole set every week or when soiled
Avoid stringy foods like celery that may cause clogs, stool will be more formed

51
Q

Care for ileostomies

A

Skin integrity, stoma=red beefy and moist
Change bag when 1/3-1/2 full, change whole set every week or when soiled
Avoid stringy foods like celery that may cause clogs, Stool more liquid

52
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for appendectomy

A
53
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Colectomy

A
54
Q

Interventions (pre and post), education, potential complications for Colon resection

A
55
Q

S/S for complication(s) of appendectomy

A
56
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Colectomy

A
57
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Colon resection

A
58
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Cholecystectomy

A
59
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Appendicitis

A
60
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Peritonitis

A
61
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Gastroenteritis

A
62
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Ulcerative colitis

A
63
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Crohn’s disease

A
64
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Diverticular disease

A
65
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Paralytic ileus

A
66
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Cholecystitis

A
67
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Nissan fundoplication

A
68
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Esophageal tumor surgery

A
69
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Hernia repair

A
70
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Gastrectomy

A
71
Q

S/S for complication(s) of colorectal cancer surgeries

A
72
Q

S/S for complication(s) of Exploratory laparotomy

A

Adult Care 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions