Cardiac Flashcards
a nurse is caring for a client who has multiple long bone fx r/t MVC 24 hours ago. The client tells the nurse he is SOB and experiencing chest pain . the nurse should assess the client further for which of the following potential complications?
fat embolism syndrome
compartment syndrome
venous thromboembolism
hypovolemic shock
fat embolsim syndrome
additional manifestations: altered MS, tachypnea, tachycardia
a nurse is giving a presentation abt preventing DVT. which of the following should the nurse include as a risk factor for this disorder? SATA
Oral contraceptive use
HTN
High calcium intake
immobility
BMI of 20
oral contraceptive use and immobility
trauma = risk factor
obesity = risk factor
a nurse in a clinic is caring for a pt who has recently begun taking warfarin. the nurse is reviewing potential drug and food interaction risks and should instruct the pt to avoid which of the following?
cantaloupe
green beans
white beans
cabbage
cabbage
rich in vitamin K
a nurse caring for a male pt who has PVD, is taking dietary supplements, and has a new prescription for warfarin. the nurse should instruct the client to stop which of the following supplements prior to starting the warfarin? SATA
flaxseed oil
glucosamine
black cohosh
gingko balboa
saw palmetto
saw palmetto
gucosamine
gingko balboa
what is saw palmetto?
used to relieve symptoms associated w/ BPH and has an antiplatelet effect
flaxseed oil is used for
source of omega-3 fatty acids used to promote CV health
Glucosamine is used for
prevent osteoarthritis and may increase risk of bleeding
what is black cohosh used for
sleep disturbances and depression
gingko biloba is used for
used to increase pain-free walking in clients with PVD and may suppress coagulation. should not be taken with warfarin
a nurse is caring for a client 8 hr post-op following a TKR. which of the following actions should the nurse take?
-apply cool compresses to the affected limb
-place a pillow under the affected limb
-promote bed rest for 5-7 days
-encourge increased fluid intake
encourage increased fluid intake
a nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has developed DVT postoperatively and is prescribed anticoagulant therapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
-wearing loose, non-constricting stockings
-applying cool compresses to her legs
-flexing her knees and feet frequently
-taking an NSAID tablet daily
flexing her knees and feet frequently
a nurse is providing teaching to a client about interventions to reduce the risk of developing CV disease. which of the following statments by pt should indicate to the nurse the need for further teaching?
“Exercising regularly will increase HDL cholesterol levels.”
“a weight loss program can decrease my LDL cholesterol level.”
“adding foods containing omega-3 fatty acids to my diet can lower my risk.”
“increasing my intake of foods contaning trans-fatty acids can lower my risk.”
“increasing my intake of foods containing trans-fatty acids can lower my risk.”
causes an increase in LDL, which increases the risk of CV disease
a nurse caring for a pt who reports an area of redness, warmth, tenderness, and pain in the right calf. the nurse anticipates which of the following orders when notifying the provider of this finding?
-obtain a venous duplex ultrasound
-monitor Homan’s sign
apply cold therapy to the affected leg
-obtain impedance plethysmography
obtain a venous duplex ultrasound
a nurse is caring for a client who came to the ED reporting chest pain. The provider suspects an MI. while waiting for the troponin levels report, the client asks what the blood test will show. which of the following explanations should the nurse provide the client?
-troponin is an enzyme that indicates damage to brain, heart, and skeletal muscles
-troponin is a lipid whose levels reflect the risk of CAD
-troponin is a heart muscle proteiin that appears in the bloodstream when there is damaage to the heart
-troponin is a protein that helps transport oxygen throughout the body
troponin is a heart muscle protein that appears in the bloodstream when there is damage to the heart
a nurse is caring for a client who is post-op following vascular surgery. which of the following signs should indicate to the nurse that the client has developed a thrombosus?
-positive Kernig’s sign
- positive Homan’s sign
- Dull, aching calf pain
- soft, palpable calf muscle
dull, aching calf pain
a nurse is on a med surge unit is caring for four clients who are 24-36 hr postop. which of the following surgical procedures places the client at risk for DVT?
-myringotomy
-laprascopic appendectomy
-hip arthroplasty
-cataract extraction
hip arthroplasty
a nurse is interpreting a client’s ECG strip. which of the following components of the ECG should the nurse examine to determine the time it takes for ventricular depolarization and repolarization?
-PR interval
-QT interval
-ST segment
-QRS complex
QT interval
a nurse in the emergancy room is caring for a pt who reports chest pressure and SOB. which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?
-troponin 1
-lipase
-B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP0
-aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
troponin 1
a nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is at risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). the nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following unsafe actions?
-elevating her feet
-massaging her legs
-flexing her ankles
-ambulaitng soon after surgery
massaging her legs
a nurse is monitoring a client who is on telemetry. which of the following findings on the ECG strip should the nurse recognize as normal sinus rhythm>
-The p wave falls before the QRS complex
-the t wave is in the inverted position
-the P-R interval measures 0.22 seconds
- the QRS duration is 0.20 seconds
The P wave falls before the QRS complex
a nurse is interpreting the ECG strip of a client who has bradycardia. which of the following cardiac components should the nurse identify as the role of the P wave?
-ventricular depolarization
-slow repolarization of ventricualr perkinje fibers
-atrial depolarization
-early ventricular repolarization
atrial depolarization
What is troponin?
Protein present from injury / damage to cardiac muscle . Appears with conditions such as MI
Cholesterol
Levels of fat in your blood, higher cholesterol=higher risk for CV disease(CAD, ischemia, MI)
Normal=<200mg/dL
LDL
“Bad cholesterol”; correlated with CAD; normal= <130mg/dL
MI, stroke, death
HDL
“Good cholesterol”
Protects against heart disease
Men:>45mg/dL
Women: >55mg/dL
Triglycerides
DM2 or pre-diabetes if present in high numbers
Electrical flow of the heart
SA node->Bachmann’s bundle and intermodal tracts->R and L atria and AV node->Bundle of His->R and L bundle-> L posterior fascicle and L anterior fascicle-> Perkins fibers
A p-wave represents…
Atrial depolarization (contraction)
QRS complex represents…
Ventricular depolarization (contraction) and atrial repolarization (simultaneous)
