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Adult Care 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the endocrine glands?

A

Hypothalamus,pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, gonads

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2
Q

What hormones does the hypothalamus produce?

A

Oxytocin, ADH

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3
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?

A

ACTH,TSH,GH,PRL,FSH,LH,MSH,ADH

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4
Q

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

A

T3 and T4
Triiodothyronine and thyroxine

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5
Q

What hormone(s ) does the parathyroid glands secrete?

A

PTH, parathyroid hormone

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6
Q

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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7
Q

What are the gonads?

A

Ovaries and testes

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8
Q

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

A

Progesterone and estrogen

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9
Q

What hormone/ hormones do the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

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10
Q

What is a negative feedback mechanism?

A

Regulation to maintain homeostasis based on the active cues given by the body. It will shut on and off the different compensations based on a live feedback mechanism

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11
Q

What is a positive feedback mechanism ?

A

A response amplified until the desired effect is achieved, i.e. childbirth and hormones

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12
Q

S/s of hypopitiuitarism-

A

Low TSH and ACTH=life threatening!
Weight gain, cold intolerance, slow cognition, decreased bone density, decreased muscle strength,Anorexia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia,hypotension,amenorrhea, breast atrophy,

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13
Q

S/s of hyperpituitarism

A

Headache, visual disturbances, acromegaly, HTN, heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia,hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, Paresthesia

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14
Q

S/s of hyperthyroidism

A

Heat intolerance, hunger, weight loss, thirst, diarrhea, tachycardia,Facial flushing, muscle wasting, tremors, exopthalmos, Graves’ disease , thyroid storm

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15
Q

S/s hypothyroidism

A

Hair loss, apathy, lethargy, dry skin, constipation, slow speech, anorexia, brittle hair and nails,bradycardia, decreased activity intolerance, weight gain, poor wound healing

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16
Q

S/s thyroiditis

A

sudden pain and tenderness on one side of neck,malaise, fever, enlarged or goiter,dysphagia

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17
Q

S/s thyroid cancer

A

Voice=hoarse, dyspnea, dysphagia,SOB

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18
Q

S/s of hyperparathyroidism

A

Osteoporosis, renal calculi, polyuria, abd pain, constipation, HTN, flaccid muscles, bone and joint pain, N/V, weakness

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19
Q

S/s of hypoparathyroidism

A

Paresthesias of nose, fingertips, toes, and lips; muscle twitching/spasms, diarrhea, abd cramping, painful menses, fatigue , memory loss, headaches

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20
Q

Risks for hypopituitarism

A

Dwarfism, diabetes insipidus, electrolyte imbalances,hypothyroidism

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21
Q

Risks for hyperpituitarism

A

Gigantism, acromegaly, syndrome of inappropriate ADH, hyperprolactinemia,Cushing’s syndrome, hyperthyroidism

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22
Q

Risks for acromegaly

A

CHF, HTN, Liver failure, increased ICP

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23
Q

Risks for Cushing’s syndrome

A

Obesity, slow wound healing (infection), fractures (osteoporosis) and falls

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24
Q

Risks for hyperthyroidism

A

Thyroid storm/thyrotoxicosis, extreme weight loss and malnutrition despite increased appetite,HTN, exopthalmos and vision changes

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25
Q

Risks for hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema coma, obesity, constipation-bowel obstruction, bradycardia, hypotension (orthostatic), activity intolerance (falls) poor wound healing (infection), confusion and impaired memory

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26
Q

Risks for thyroiditis

A

Hypo/hyperparathyroidism, hypo/hyperthyroidism

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27
Q

Risks for hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypercalcemia, hypermagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, fractures, osteoporosis, falls,kidney stones

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28
Q

Risks for hypoparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, paresthesias, muscle cramps, thickened bones

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29
Q

Risks for Grave’s disease

A

Infection (autoimmune/immunodeficiency), exopthalmos with visions changes-falls, pretibial myxedema, weeping, infection, falls, wounds

30
Q

What is grave’s disease

A

Most common form of hyperthyroidism; autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissues, hyperthyroid s/s with exopthalmos and pretibial myxedema

31
Q

Risks for thyroid storm

A

Death

32
Q

What is thyroid storm

A

Acute crisis, medical emergency
S/s:pyrexia, tachycardia, delirium

33
Q

Risks for hypothyroidism

A

Severe weight loss, ischemia, hypoxia, hypothermia,myxedema coma

34
Q

Risks for myxedema coma

A

Shock, organ damage, death

35
Q

What is myxedema coma

A

Hypothyroid emergency;
Decreased cardiopulmonary and neurological function; heart muscle becomes flabby and decreased cardiac output and perfusion

36
Q

Risks for thyroiditis

A

Respiratory distress, airway compromised

37
Q

Assessment findings for hypopituitarism for low ACTH

A

Salt craving, dehydration, hypoglycemia,anorexia , lethargy, hypotension.

38
Q

Assessment findings for hypopituitarism For low TSH

A

Cold intolerance, weight gain, slow cognition

39
Q

Assessment findings for hypopituitarism For low GH

A

Decreased bone density and muscle strength (adults)
Short stature (children)

40
Q

Assessment findings for hypopituitarism For low PRL

A

No milk release/production

41
Q

Assessment findings for hypopituitarism For FSH and LH

A

Decreased bone mass, muscle mass, and facial/body hair (males)
Decreased bone and muscle mass, amenorrhea, breast atrophy (women)

42
Q

Assessment findings for hypopituitarism For low MSH

A

Low melanin- burns, lack of pigment…

43
Q

Assessment findings for hypopituitarism For low ADH

A

Edema, fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia), hypotension, dehydration, confusion,polyuria

44
Q

Assessment findings for hyperpituitarism for high ACTH

A

Cushing’s syndrome (Striations/purple stretch marks, easy bruising, buffalo hump, trunk obesity, poor wound healing), hyperglycemia, weight gain, high cortisol levels, hypernatremia,HTN,

45
Q

Assessment findings for hyperpituitarism For high TSH

A

Heat intolerance, diarrhea, excessive weight loss, polyphagia, flight of ideas/racing cognition, tremors, tachycardia, dehydration, thirst

46
Q

Assessment findings for hyperpituitarism For high GH

A

Headache, acromegaly (slanted forehead, protruding jaw, HTN, CHF, large tongue, hands, feet, face, coarse voice, organomegaly, thickened lips, increased ICP)

47
Q

Assessment findings for hyperpituitarism For high ADH

A

Urinary retention, hypernatremia, Hypokalemia, hypermagnesemia

48
Q

Assessment findings for acromegaly

A

Courage facial features, protruding lower jaw, slanting forehead, hypertrophy of tongue, organs, and skin, thickened lips, vision and voice changes, joint pain, large hands and feet

49
Q

Assessment findings for Cushing’s syndrome

A

Purple striae/stretch marks, easy bruising, “Apple body” and buffalo hump, poor wound healing, thirst

50
Q

Assessment findings for grave’s disease

A

Exopthalmos and pretibial myxedema, increased T3 and T4 decreased TSH

51
Q

Assessment findings for thyroid storm

A

Pyrexia, HTN, and

52
Q

Assessment findings for hyperthyroidism

A

Increased T3 and T4 And decreased TSH

53
Q

Assessment findings for hypothyroidism

A

Increased TSH and decreased T3 and T4

54
Q

Nursing care for hyperthyroidism

A

decrease stimulus, lights, sound, monitor BP HR RR, temp Q 4 hr, rest, cluster care

55
Q

Nursing care for thyroid storm

A

supportive care: IV fluids , Beta blockers

56
Q

Nursing care for hypothyroidism

A

Monitor HR, RR, weight gain, safety precautions

57
Q

Nursing care for myxedema

A

Monitor Resp and Cardiac function, VS

58
Q

Tx for hyperparathyroïdism

A

Calcimometic drug class, binds to calcium and decreases levels

59
Q

Tx for hypoparathyroidism

A

IV calcium Gluconate (severe), oral calcitrol or calcium carbonate and oral vitamin D

60
Q

Medications for hypopituitarism

A

Synthroid or levothyroxine-thyroid, somatotropin- GH

61
Q

Medications for hyperpituitarism

A

Meds for acromegaly

62
Q

Medications for acromegaly

A

Dopamine agonists; bromocriptine yesylate, cabergoline
A/e: CP, dizziness, watery nasal drainage=CSF leak!!
Somatostatin analogs- ocreotide, lanreotide
GH receptor blockers- pegvisomant

63
Q

What are the dopamine agonists and what are they for?

A

Bromocriptine messy late, cabergoline; tx for acromegaly

64
Q

A/e for dopamine agonists

A

CP, dizziness, watery nasal drainage=CSF leak!

65
Q

what are the somatostatin analogs and what are they used for?

A

Ocreotide, lanreotide; tx for acromegaly

66
Q

What is the GH receptor blocker drug and what is it used for?

A

Pegvisomat, tx for acromegaly

67
Q

How do dopamine agonists work?

A

Inhibit growth hormone

68
Q

How do somatostatin analogs work?

A

Inhibit GH

69
Q

Medications for hyperthyroidism

A

Beta blockers, iodine agent, methynisole, PTU—> thyonomides

70
Q

Medications for myxedema coma

A

Hormone therapy IV and IV fluids

71
Q

Medications for thyroid cancer

A

Chemo and radiation

Adult Care 1 (6 decks)

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