Final Exam Flashcards
The most common, includes basic information about family members (ex. names, dates of birth, and relationships)
Standard or Family Genogram
Genogram that focuses on health-related information, such as illnesses and genetic factors that run in the family
Medical Genogram
Genogram that emphasizes the emotional relationships, communication styles, and behavior patterns within the family
Emotional Genogram
Genogram that explores cultural and ethnic background of the family, including traditions and values
Cultural Genogram
Genogram focusing on mapping and exploring career paths, achievements, and influences within a person’s family
Career Genogram
A father, a mother, and their children
Nuclear Family
The family into which you are born and in which you are raised
Family of Origin
A parent (who may or may not have been married) and one or more children
Single-Parent Family
A family in which the mother is head of the household, with authority over other family members
Matriarchal Family
An individual, possibly a partner, any children the individual might have, and other relatives who live in the household or nearby
Extended Family
A family formed when a widowed or divorced person, with or without children, remarries another person who may or may not have children
Blended, or Reconstituted Family
A single-family unit based on the marriage of one person to two or more mates
Polygamous Family
A family in which the father is head of the household, with authority over other family members
Patriarchal Family
Two people of the same sex who are living together and being mutually committed
Gay or Lesbian Family
Any group of people united by ties of marriage, blood, or adoption or any sexually expressive relationship in which (1) the adults cooperate financially for their mutual support, (2) the people are committed to one another in an intimate interpersonal relationship, (3) the members see their individual identities as importantly attached to the group, and (4) the group has an identity of their own
Family
The family you establish if you have children of your own
Family of Procreation
A couple who decide not to have children
Voluntarily Childless Family
An original family divided into two families by divorce
Binuclear Family
A visual tool that allows you to visually map out and explore the intricate relationships, patterns, and influences within a family system
Genogram
T/F: Men are quicker to seek help and to recognize symptoms of depression
False
T/F: Studies indicate that married people live longer, and are healthier and happier than single people
True
T/F: Men who are depressed find it difficult reaching out to a partner for comfort or more contact
True
T/F: Strict feminists argue that women can never find full satisfaction in salaried work
False
T/F: Most adults who are single delay marriage rather than remain permanently single
True
Three major influences on children’s individual gender identities and roles are:
Parents, Television/Media, School
Three reasons for marital delay include:
Economic, Education/Career, Social/Sexual Revolution
What are three reasons people remain single?
Deliberate choice, fear of marriage, lack of opportunity
Two major problems facing married women today:
Role strain and role ambiguity
Name 3 of 7 reasons identified as “reasons for dating”:
For marriage, for a future family/kids, and to feel loved/less alone
Theory suggesting that gender roles and identities cannot be learned until children reach a certain stage of intellectual development
Cognitive Developmental Theory
Theories suggesting that gender roles have been established through genetic evolution based on biological functions of the sexes and reproductive success
Evolutionary Theories
A theory emphasizing that boys develop “maleness” and girls develop “femaleness” through exposure to scores of influences- including parents, television, school, and peers- that teach them what it means to be a man or a woman in their culture
Social Learning Theory
Never marrieds and previously marrieds who have been actively seeking a mate but have not found one
Involuntary Temporary Singles
Never married and previously marrieds who are not opposed to the idea of marriage but are not currently seeking mates
Voluntary Temporary Singles
Theories that focus on the differences in male and female behavior, and see them as the result of genetic, hormonal, and neurological influences
Biological Theory
Never marrieds and previously marrieds who choose to be single
Voluntary Stable Singles
A theory suggesting that people have definite ideas about how males and females should look and behave, based on the framework of logic and ideas used to organize information and make sense of it
Gender Schema Theory
Never marrieds and previously marrieds who wanted to marry, who have not found a mate, and who have more or less accepted being single
Involuntary Stable SIngles
Theory that explains gender as relating directly to power status in division of labor to concepts of gender identity. The view of women as subordinates in the workplace parallels the gender conception of women as less powerful, and in need of support
Social Structure/Cultural Theories
Research findings support the idea that the most complete love has three components:
Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment
What are the four criteria for assessing marital satisfaction?
Durability, fulfillment of needs, affection, and companionship
What are the four “horsemen of the apocalypse” outlined by Gottman?
Stonewalling, Contempt, Defensiveness, and Conflict
What is the number 1 problem in all three stages of early marriage?
Money
One of the six patterns of marital satisfaction that describes marriage that primarily experiences negative emotions throughout marriage; manifested as hostility and indifference; they lack positive feeling/little joy and hold a feeling of duty:
Stable/negative
One of the six patterns of marital satisfaction that describes marriage satisfaction as high early in marriage; drops during middle years and rises again after children leave the home:
Curvilinear
One of the six patterns of marital satisfaction that describes marriage partners experiencing gradual and more or less continuous decline in marital satisfaction:
Continuous decline
One of the six patterns of marital satisfaction that describes marriage as stable but not static , maintaining moderately high to high satisfaction and general positive affection and interaction throughout the years:
Stable/positive
One of the six patterns of marital satisfaction that describes marriage as never experiencing emotional closeness, but marry for other reasons and they are generally comfortable with each other; no excessive conflict:
Stable/neutral
One of the six patterns of marital satisfaction that describes marriage partners increasing satisfaction as years pass:
Continuous increase
Theory that states people tend to marry someone who fulfills their fantasy of what an ideal mate should be like, based partly on early childhood experiences
Ideal Mate Theory
A profoundly tender or passionate affection for another person, characterized by intense feelings and emotion
Romantic Love
A love based on common concerns and interests, companionship, and respect for the partner’s personality and character
Friendship Love
Theory that states we select partners who will fulfill our own needs- both complementary and instrumental (opposites attract)
Needs Theories
Love that one develops for someone who fulfills one’s needs
Dependent Love
Unselfish concern for the welfare of another
Altruistic Love
A neurotransmitter that functions in the parts of the brain that control emotions and bodily movement
Dopamine
A consistent characteristic of distressed couples
Negative Affect Reciprocity
Theory that states a person is likely to marry someone resembling their parent of the opposite sex
Parent Image Theory
A neurotransmitter that produces feelings of attachment and union with someone; a “cuddle chemical”
Oxytocin
Theory that describes mate selection as a process of filtering an weeding out ineligible and incompatible people until one is selected
Developmental Process Theory
A type of love characterized by warmth, affection, and commitment
Companionate Love
Love of self; selfish, self centered
Narcissistic Love
A term used by Sternberg to describe love as a combination of intimacy, passion, and commitment
Consummate Love
Sexual, sensuous love
Erotic Love
What are 4 types of Family Power?
Marital, Parental, Offspring, Sibling
One of 4 influences on the “Desire for Power” that indicates people exert power because they have learned “that it is what I am supposed to do”:
Social Expectations
One of 4 influences on the “Desire for Power” that indicates people exert power because of deep-seated feelings of insecurity and inferiority:
Psychological Need
One of 4 influences on the “Desire for Power” that indicates people exert power because of an internal desire to feel some control over our own lives:
Self-Actualization
One of 4 influences on the “Desire for Power” that indicates people exert power in relationships based on what they learned in childhood:
Family of Origin
4 Steps of Addiction Cycle
Preoccupation, ritualization, compulsions, despair
Name 4 Negative Consequences of Seuxal Activity:
Unplanned Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Disease, Manipulation, Emotional Vulnerability
Power acquired because of extensive knowledge of specific area
Informational Power
The process by which one person destroys the self confidence, perception, and sense of reality of another person
Gaslighting
The treat of physical force or other types of punishment to force compliance
Coercive Power
Subtype of the dual earner family in which there are 2 career committed partners, both of whom are trying to fulfill professional roles that require continuous development as well as family roles
Dual Career Family
In intimate relationships, the ability to influence one’s partner to get what one wants
Power
The process by which two parties decide what each will give and receive in arriving at a decision
Bargaining
The extent to which participation in one domain (eg work) impacts the participation fo another domain (eg family)
Work Family Spillover
Conflicting messages sent when verbal messages and body language do not agree
Double-Bind Communication
Power that is bestowed by society on men and women as their right according to social prescription
Legitimate Power
The ability to bestow or withhold affection
Psychological Power
The ways in which power is applied
Power Processes
Power that is given because a person is considered superior in knowledge of a particular subject
Expert Power
The power to make the important decisions that determine family lifestyle
Orchestration Power
The power that sets decisions in motion
Implementation Power
Blaming someone else for every bad thing that happens
Scapegoating
A family in which both spouses are in the paid labor force
Dual Earner Family
Compulsive sexual behavior that continues despite severe negative consequences
Sexual Addiction
Ability to identify with the emotional state of another- to feel with them
Empathy
Infertility is the failure to achieve a pregnancy after frequent unprotected intercourse during:
1 yr or 6 months for person over 35
The percentage of pregnant women that use prenatal care is:
85%
The most critical time of development- in a pregnancy- and when the baby is most vulnerable to the effects of teratogens is:
12 weeks
The stages of Labor are:
Dilation, Birth, and Afterbirth
One of 5 levels in the Marital Conflict Model Conflict, when issues have accumulated at this level and are hard to disentangle. Hope has diminished; frustration has grown. Because couples preceives resources as limited, power struggles and competition are easily triggered. Marital partners have lost sight of their common interests and goals; they seek to end disputes by changing each other
Level 3: Contest
One of 5 levels in the Marital Conflict Model Conflict where the discord is not over issues that threaten the relationship. Real issues do exist, and tensions arise from awareness by the partners that their goals, needs, or values are in conflict. Partners at this stage perceive they have a problem but believe it can be solved
Level 1: Problems to Solve
One of 5 levels in the Marital Conflict Model Conflict where alienation and antagonism are primary characteristics. The partners believe that neither can nor will change; the relationship satisfies few of their needs. The aim of interaction is to hurt each other; outsiders may be enlisted in the struggle, not in support of the marriage
Level 4: Fight/Flight
One of 5 levels in the Marital Conflict Model Conflict where the discord is not only about issues but about personalities. Partners believe that they cannot resolve differences and cannot escape the relationship except by destroying each other
Level 5: War
One of 5 levels in the Marital Conflict Model Conflict where partners perceive disagreement as arising from the relationship rather than from a problem. Clashes are motivated more by the need for self-protection than by the need to solve a problem. Because trust is lowered and partners feel uncertain about each other, they may avoid confrontation and may become defensive in communication
Level 2: Disagreements
3 parental roles in the development of child socialization:
Direct Instructors, Indirect Socializers, Providers and Controllers of Opportunities
Process of learning and education, and a means by which socialization takes place, its purpose is to instruct in proper conduct, rather than to punish
Discipline
One of the principles of discipline and a key factor in influencing effectiveness
Consistency
A parental/discipline style with high parental control and little warmth
Authoritarian Parenting
A parental/discipline style with a fair degree of parental control while being warm and responsive to children
Authoritative Parenting
A permissive parenting style characterized with warmth and caring but little parental control
Indulgent
A parental/discipline style where parents are uninvolved parenting; neither warmth nor controlling
Indifferent
Any action that increases the likelihood of the response that it follows
Reinforcement
Any action that discourages the reoccurrence of the response that it follows
Punishment
A means of parental influence in which parents tell a child what to do, when and why
Direct Instruction
A mean of parental influence in which children learn what to do by watching/observing parents
Modeling
