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BIOL 245 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Where evaporation exceeds precipitation salinity is ______.

A

high

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2
Q

Marine fossils are commonly found in the forests of western Pennsylvania, which is evidence of what?

A

area was once under a shallow sea when Pangea formed

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3
Q

In the Cenozoic era, after the breakup of Pangea, the drifting land masses ______.

A

blocked the flow of water into the arctic ocean resulting in a cooling of the arctic and the triggering of an Ice Age

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4
Q

What kind of body of water has the highest turnover rate?

A

river

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5
Q

What replaces coral reefs from tropical waters in more temperate waters?

A

kelp forests

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6
Q

thermal neutral zone

A

range of temperature over which metabolic rate of homeothermic animal doesn’t change

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7
Q

What are the tree-dominated shores of tidal estuaries called?

A

mangrove swamps

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8
Q
  • study heat balance from Exam 1
A
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9
Q

What is involved in determining an animal’s water balance?

A

-Wevaportation + W intake - Wwaste + Wair + Wmetabolism

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10
Q

What is involved in determining a plant’s water balance?

A

Wroots + Wair - Wevaporation - Wsecretions

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11
Q

What C:N ratio do animals and bacteria have?

A

5:1 (nitrogen-rich)

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12
Q

What C:N ratio do plants have?

A

25:1 (not nitrogen-rich)

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13
Q

What C:N ratio do fungi have?

A

10:1 (not nitrogen-rich)

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14
Q

A dispersion index value > 1 indicates what kind of distribution?

A

clumped

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15
Q

A dispersion index value = 1 indicates what kind of distribution?

A

random

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16
Q

A dispersion index value < 1 indicates what kind of distribution?

A

uniform/regular

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17
Q

What does a species’ range map tell you?

A

everywhere they might be found

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18
Q

Continuous, unaltered population growth by organisms with overlapping generations is called ______.

A

exponential growth

19
Q

generation time

A

age at which females first start reproduction

20
Q

What kinds of mortality does type I survivorship indicate?

A

low juvenile; high adult

21
Q

An annual plant when initially colonizing an area will demonstrate what kind of growth?

A

geometric

22
Q

Population growth that slows as resources are depleted is ______ growth.

A

logistic

23
Q

When should natural selection favor production of many small offspring?

A

when conditions are highly variable

24
Q

semelparity

A

death after first reproduction

25
Q

What traits are present in r-selected species?

A

rapid development, early and singular reproduction, small body size, and many offspring

26
Q

Which group of organisms has the highest amount of variation in life histories?

A

fish

27
Q

In logistic growth (S-curve), where does intraspecific competition play the greatest role?

A

when populations are high - in upper part of S-curve

28
Q

How does resource depletion affect competitive exclusion?

A

speeds it up

29
Q

The outcome of real competitive exclusion ______.

A

depends on environmental conditions (and is often character displacement)

30
Q

A parasite that alters the behavior of its host to increase its transmission rate represents ______.

A

an exploitive relationship

31
Q

If there is no cost to plants to produce defensive compounds we would expect ______.

A

the same amount of compound to be present whether damaged or not

32
Q

How do coral benefit from mutualisms with zooxanthellae?

A

they provide photosynthetic products as food

33
Q

How long have mutualistic relationships been around?

A

1 billion years +

34
Q

Why is the fitness of both successful and unsuccessful mutualists grouped together?

A

they behave in the same manner so it is necessary for their fitness to be considered together

35
Q

When does mutualism persist?

A

when the combined fitness of successful and unsuccessful mutualists is greater than non-mutualists

36
Q
  • study isoclines for predator, prey, and competition
A
37
Q

Write a simple mathematical equation that describes when a predator will focus on two prey items and ignore a third

A

E12/T > E123/T

38
Q

What does “R0” represent?

A

net reproductive rate

39
Q

What does “T” represent?

A

generation time

40
Q

What does “r” represent?

A

intrinsic rate of increase

41
Q

In competition isoclines, N1 is the ___ axis.

A

x

42
Q

In competition isoclines, K1 is on the ___ axis.

A

x

43
Q

What does “a” represent?

A

competitive effect

BIOL 245 (5 decks)

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