Distribution & Abundance; Population Dynamics

Question 1

What influences the boundaries of a population?

Answer 1

physical, chemical, and biological factors

Question 2

What are the three distribution patterns?

Answer 2

clumped, uniform, random

Question 3

What are the three types of intraspecific interactions?

Answer 3

attraction > clumped; repelling > uniform; ignoring > random

Question 4

How does the physical environment influence distribution?

Answer 4

resource distribution (patchy or uniform), defensible or indefensible area

Question 5

Animals that are smaller have a ______ population density.

Answer 5

higher

Question 6

What are the three factors in determining species rarity?

Answer 6

geographic range, habitat tolerance (ability to adapt), local population size

Question 7

What are the dispersal types?

Answer 7

diffusion, jump, and secular

Question 8

How does diffusion dispersal work?

Answer 8

gradual movement through a suitable habitat over multiple generations

Question 9

How does jump dispersal work?

Answer 9

rapid movement from one place to another, without settling in between, in an individual’s lifetime

Question 10

How does secular dispersal work?

Answer 10

expanding populations differ from original–evolutionary time frame

Question 11

metapopulation

Answer 11

population characterized by local extinctions and recolonizations

Question 12

What adds to a population?

Answer 12

natality and immigration

Question 13

What subtracts from a population?

Answer 13

death and emigration

Question 14

What is a cohort study used for?

Answer 14

determining mortality

Question 15

cohort

Answer 15

group of individuals in a population that are the same age

Question 16

What are the different ways to measure population density?

Answer 16

full census, sampling, mark-recapture/removal, relative density

Question 17

What is represented by lx?

Answer 17

survivorship: proportion of original population living

Question 18

What kind of scale does a survivorship curve use?

Answer 18

log scale

Question 19

How does a type I survivorship curve work?

Answer 19

juvenile survival is high and most mortality occurs in older population

Question 20

How does a type II survivorship curve work?

Answer 20

individuals die at an equal rate, regardless of age

Question 21

How does a type III survivorship curve work?

Answer 21

juvenile survivorship is low and death rates are lower in older population

Question 22

What are the two ways to assess survivorship without following a cohort?

Answer 22

age at death and age structure (snapshot of age distribution in current population)

Question 23

What does mx represent?

Answer 23

average number of births per age class

Question 24

What does lxmx represent?

Answer 24

offspring produce discounted for mortality

Question 25

What does R0 represent?

Answer 25

mean number of offspring produced per female in a lifetime

Question 26

If R0 = 1…

Answer 26

population stays the same

Question 27

If R0 > 1…

Answer 27

population grows

Question 28

If R0 < 1…

Answer 28

population shrinks

Question 29

How do you predict the number of individuals in the next generation?

Answer 29

starting population x R0

Question 30

R0 = geometric rate of increase (lambda) if ______.

Answer 30

generations don’t overlap

Question 31

What are the two definitions of the length of a generation?

Answer 31

average age at which females give birth OR time between a parent and child producing offspring

Question 32

What does R0 represent?

Answer 32

net reproductive rate

Question 33

What does T represent?

Answer 33

generation time