Final Exam Flashcards
What is digestion?
The mechanical and chemical break down of foods into forms the cell membranes can absorb
What are “formed elements”?
Blood cells and platelets
A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is what?
Thrombus
What is the difference between thrombus and thrombosis?
Thrombus is in a blood clot in a blood vessel and thrombosis is a blood clot in a vital organ
In an ECG pattern, what is the P wave caused by?
Depolarization in the atrium
Who does the celiac artery provide blood to?
Liver, spleen and stomach
What is the correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Left and right bundle branches, and purkinje fibers
What is the longest vein the body?
Great saphenous vein
What are the 3 branches of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic artery, Left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery
How does a virus differ from other pathogens?
It cannot reproduce outside of a living cell
What is DiGeorge syndrome?
A chromosomal disorder in which the thymus never develops/barely develops.
How would a child with DiGeorge syndromes immune system look?
Very few T-lymphocytes and will be immuno compromised
What is the most probable cause of a pulmonary embolism?
A clot reaches the lungs through a pulmonary artery
What is diapedesis?
Movement of WBC out of the circulation
What neurotransmitters help smooth muscle contract?
Norepinephrine and acetocholine
What is hematocrit?
Percentage of RBC in a blood sample
What type of anemia occurs when the RBC are being destroyed in the red bone marrow?
Aplastic anemia
What is the largest lymphatic vessel?
Thoracic duct
What is systole?
Contractions of the heart
What is diastole?
Relaxations of the heart
Which vessel does the thoracic duct drain into?
Left subclavian artery
Where do central chemoreceptors mainly monitor pH?
Brain
What is it called when air enters the potential space of the pleural cavity?
Pneumothorax
What is atelectasis?
A collapsed lung
Deficiency in what vitamin can cause night blindness?
Vitamin A
Deficiency in what vitamin can cause osteomalacia?
Vitamin D
What are gallstones composed of?
Cholesterol
Who secretes CCK?
Intestinal wall
What stimulates secretion of CCK?
Protein and fat in the small intestine
How long can a healthy human survive without food?
50-70 days
What is the surgical removal of the gallbladder called?
Cholecystectomy
What are the 2 pathways of the respiratory system?
Conduction and respiratory
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
Salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder
What are the 2 types of movements in the alimentary canal?
Mixing and propelling
What is the first part of the alimentary canal?
Mouth
Which WBC are granulocytes?
Basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils
What is heme decomposed into?
Iron and biliverdin, which is eventually turned into bilirubin
Where is hemoglobin decomposed into heme?
Liver
What is the purpose of renin?
Monitors and adjust blood pressure, and NaCl content of filtrate
