FINAL EXAM Flashcards
true/false:
prefixes are attached directly to the end of the word
false
true/false:
suffix is placed at the end of the word root
true
true/false:
the definition of a medical word usually beings with the defining suffix first and continuing to read backward through the word
true
true/false:
if the suffix begins with a vowel, the root will not attach directly to it
false
true/false:
a word can end in a combining form
false
true/false:
medical words are made up of word roots, prefixes and suffixes
true
true/false:
when using more than one word root, a combining vowel is needed to separate the different word roots
true
the suffix ‘osis’ means
condition
true/false:
when a medical word has a prefix, the definition of the word usually begins with defining the suffix first, then the root second, and the prefix last
false
a word part that is attached to the end of teh word root defines which of the following
suffix
true/false:
compound words are usually composed in the following order:
combining form + word root + suffix
true
true/false:
words with the same root will have different meanings depending on the prefix attached
true
the basic foundation of a word to which is component parts are added defines
word root
a word element that is added at the beginning of a word defines
prefix
the prefix ‘inter’ means
between
the prefix ‘bi’ means what?
two
double
‘excessive’ is the definition of
hyper
prefix ‘ad’ means
toward
prefix ‘meta’ means
change
suffix ‘itis’ means
inflammation
prefix ‘anti’ means
against
prefix ‘epi’ means
upon
suffix ‘a’ makes what type of word
noun
prefix ‘bio’ means
life
prefix ‘hypo’ means
less than
under
prefix ‘ab’ means
from
suffix ‘tomy’ means
incision into
suffix ‘ical’ means
adjective
suffux ‘ile’ means
pertaining to
capable
prefix ‘hydro’ means
water
suffix ‘gram’ means
record or picture
suffix ‘tion’ makes
noun
suffix ‘lysis’ means
destruction
detachment
prefix ‘ultra’ means
beyond
prefix ‘post’ means
after
prefix ‘tachy’ means
rapid
prefix ‘contra’ means
against
suffix that means ‘characterized by’ is
ory
prefix ‘brady’ means
slow
prefix ‘trans’ means
across
suffix ‘ician’ means
specialist in a field of study
suffix ‘metry’ means
process of measuring
suffix ‘rrhaphy’ means
suturing
suffix ‘oma’ means
tumor
suffix ‘emia’ means
blood condition
suffix ‘lith’ means
stone
suffix ‘megaly’ means
enlargement
suffix ‘lepsy’ means
seizure
‘sensitivity to pain’ is the definition of
algesia
‘surgical repair’ is the definition of
plasty
‘pertaining to the back or posteriior’ is the definition
dorsal
what is made up of tissues arranged together to perform a particular function?
organs
which of the following it not one of the four quadrants
LPQ
which plane divides the body into = right/left portions
midsagittal plane
which plane divides the body into front/back portions
frontal plane
which pleans cut across the the body and divides it into upper and lower portions
transverse planes
what is located in the middle section of the abdomen between the right/left lumbar regions?
umbilical region
how many divisions of the back are there?
5
what organs are located in thorasic cavity?
lungs
heart
is the bladder found in the abdominal cavity?
no
definition of ‘superficial’ is
pertaining to the surface or near surface
defintion of ‘supine’ is
lying horizontally, face up
genes are
segements of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue is
aplasia
new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant is
neoplasia
abnormal development of tissues/organs is
dysplasia
‘caudal’ means
pertatining to the tail
‘toward the side of the body, away from the midline’ is definition of
lateral
top of the foot is
dorsum
localized collection of pus in any part of teh body is
abcess
laceration is
a tear in skin
erthemia is
redness of the skin
a closed sac or pouch in, or within skin that contains fluid, semi-fluid or solid material is
cyst
scraping or rubbing away of skin as a result of friction to the area is
abrasion
injury to part of the body w/o a break in skin is
contusion
floating ribs are
rib pairs 11-12
small, stalk like growth that produces upward/outward from a mucous membrane surface is
polyp
hollow/concave depression in bone is
fossa
hole in the bone that allows blood vessels/nerves to pass through is
foramen
true ribs are
rib pairs 1 - 7
compound fracture is a(n)
open fracture
the diaphysis is
main shaft like portion of bone
bones that are longer than they are wide are
long bones
fracture that is caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other is
compression
abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine is
lordosis
form of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the big toe is
gout
____ fracture occurs when the force that causes the fracture is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of bone
comminuted
surgical repair of a joint is
arthroplasty
difficult speech is
dysphasia
paraplegia is
paralysis of the lower extremities and body trunk
hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens is
allergy
physician who specializes in treating diseases/disorders of the nervous system
neurologist
abnormal increase of CSF in the brain that causes the ventricles to dialte is
trydocephatus
a serious bacterial infection of the covering of the brain/spinal cord is
meningitis
introduction of contrast medium into the lumbar subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture is
myelography
chronic hereditary form of anemia in which red blood cells become shaped like a crescent are
sickle cell
excessive uncontrolled increase of immature WBC in the blood is
leukemia
thrombus is
a clot
state of being resistant to or protected from a disease is
immunity
infectious disease that is chronic in nature, primarily affecting the lungs causing large areas of caviations and caseous necrosis is
TB
suffix ‘metry’ means
process of measuring
in diagnostic x-ray, what interactions will occur?
compton scatter
photoelectric effect
pair productions
the roentgen unit is a measure of
number of ions created in the air
what is the filtration manufactured into the x-ray tube called
inherent filtration
what do the letters ‘rad’ stand for?
radiation absorbed dose
when radiation interacts with matter and changes direction it is called
scatter radiation
which of the following factors will affect patient dose?
filtration
distance
time
which exam will give the patient the highest gonadal dose?
abdomen
law of Bergonie and Tribondeau implies that sensitivity is greatest in
rapidly dividing cells
youngest stage of organism
basis for the NCRP’s policies/regulations for personal and patients is
ALARA
general population is allowed what fraction of the dose allowed for occupationally exposed people?
1/10
which of the following are the LEAST sensitive cells of the body
nerve cells
primary concern in radiation to the gonads is to prevent
genetic effects
sensitivity to readiation in humans is greatest at which
embryonic stage
performance standards for the radiology dept are set by
chief radiologist
hosptial standards are set to conform with
JCAHO guidelines
what is primary concern of hospital?
patient care
an organization chart is designed to indicate
lines of authority
positions of personell
areas of responsibility
hospital-wide committee that functions to maintain safe working conditions is
hospital safety committee
in service education program in radiology departments is
a requirement
radiology dept policies and procedures are contained in
dept procedures manual
person responsible for verifying the qualifications of the technical staff is
radiology admin
radiologic compliance evaluation is a function of
quality assurance program
standards for hospital services are established by
JCAHO
an effective defense for a tech sued by a patient claiming neglegence would be
the exam was performed in a manner that was customary and accepted by the medical community
who is the person who is formally accused in a lawsuit?
defendant
‘res ipsa loqitur’ is a Latin phrase that means
‘the thing speaks for itself’
what is the underlying motivation for all forms of law?
to protect people/property
to provide means for correcting injustice
to compensate for inquiry
what is not a valid consent condition?
to be a member of the medical profession
situations in which a tort may be brought against a tech are
imprudent conduct by RT
bodily harm inflicted on patient
invasion of privacy
is the patient’s conditon not improving after a test a breach of standard of care
no
law in our society is based on
state/federal constitutions
statues of state/federal legislature
regulations issued by executive branch of govt
laws are framed/shaped by
community values
community values/law are generally in
agreement
allied health developed as a result of
specialization
advancements in science/technology
medical economics
medical tech does
analyzes/performs tests for diagnosis/treatment
medical records admin does
plans, designs, & manages patient records
respiratory therapist does
administers therapeutic procedures for respiratory emergencies
quality assurance is the responsibility of
chief radiologist
chief technologist
each radiology employee
quality assurance involves
monitoring x-ray equipment
in-service education for employees
what is the advantage of the pyramidal arrangement for dept admins
economy in personnel costs
what is the disadvantage of the pyramidal arrangement
communication from the base to the upper level is difficult
evaluating quality in the radiology dept may include
observing the tech’s performance
interviewing patients
checking the in-service program for techs
troubleshooting is an activity for
equipment testing after malfunction occurs
equipment monitoring is an activity involvoing
periodic routine equipment testing
film processing requires
controlled replenishment of solutions
near-constant solution temp
exact combinations of chemicals
a sensitometer is an instrumetn used to do
provide a controlled amount of light to the film
a densitometer is a device for
measuring the blackness/density of the film
what was the purpose of the certificate of need requirement
to limit equipment and space to the community needs
staffing needs are computed by
type of procedure performed # of procedures/year type of procedure performed
the decision to purchase new radiology equipment is based on
number of patients who need radiographic service
in the typical general service hospital ____ of the radiographic exams will be chest x-ray?
30%
in the typical general service hospital, ___ of the radiographic exams will be flurosocope?
10%
cost of radiographic exams includes the cost of
film/film development
labor
equipment
silver from radiographic film can be reclaimed by recovering silver ions from
the fixer
cost of producing radiograph is highest for
personnel
cost of health care since 1995 has
increased
the guidelines for staffing in a dept of radiology is ___ production hour(s) per procedure
1
ethics is a discipline that deals with
morals as they relate to behavior
patients presenting themselves for radiographic exams are first impressed by
personal appearance of the tech
when the patient asks the tech what the radiograph says
tell the patient that the referring physician will have the answers
true/false:
it’s ok to criticize the physician when he’s wronge
false: NEVER criticize, it’s unethical
the techs first duty is
the patient
techs who examine terminally ill patients should do
simply respect teh patient’s right of choice
some patients require more time and attention than others b/c
they are sicker
moral/ethical conduct of individuals who are handling patients for radiographic exams is a responsibility of
radiologist
tech
student
characteristics of ethical behavior are
fairness
honesty
integrity
breach of confidentiality occurs when the patient’s medical condition
discussed w/ patient’s spouse
written to a friend in another state
discussed in strict confidence w/ a ‘friend’
personal, ethical, & professional obligations lie w/
doctor
tech
student
legally, torts may be
violations to civil law
most American legal principles are based on
English common law
2positions and lines of authority are shown in a
organizational chart
primary concern of radiology dept is
providing quality patient care
verifying the competence of the radiography technical staff is the responsibility of
radiology admin
system of prospective payment for Medicare was based on
diagnosis related groups
exposure cord of a mobile unit should be at least
6 ft
techniques used to assess quality care given to patients are
observation of tech at work
interviewing patients
interviewing techs
film badges are designed to be worn
outside the apron, near the neck
x-ray beam collimation is used b/c
film quality is improved
patient dose is decreased
scatter radiation is decreased
quality of x-ray beam is determined by
kVp
individual in radiology dept who can legally make a diagnosis is
radiologist
‘nocturia’ is
urination at night, usually excessive
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is
ascites
what is the definition of hypertension
high blood pressure
lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles
asbestosis
rotation of loops of bowel causing a twisting on itself results in an intestinal blockage is
volvulus
use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for lab analysis is
thorancentesis
inflammation of the urethra is
urethritis
instrument used to look at the inside of the bladder is
cystoscope
at what level of the spine would you find the level of the xiphoid process
T9, T10
50% of the population in the USA is what type of body habitus
sthenic
graphic record of the electrical action of the heart is
EKG
slow heart rate is
bradycardia
pounding/racing heart is
palpitation
childhood disease characterized by a barking cough is
croup
systole is
contraction of phase of the heartbeat
presence of pus in the urine is
pyuria
if x-ray projection is directed toward the outer margin of a curved body, then it is a ___ projection
tangential
if patient is lying face down, what position is he/she in
prone
malignant tumor of the kidney occurring predominately in childhood is
Wilm’s tumor
radiation therapy is used to accomplish:
destruction of tumor cells
relief of obstruction
if an object/contrast agent does not permit the passage of xrays, what is it called
radiopaque
if a joint has mulitaxial movement what type of joint is it
spheroid
club-chaped process on a bone is
malleolus
low pitched humming/fluttering sound is
murmur
lack/loss of appetite is
anorexia
forced/excessive extension of a joint is
hyperextension
rales is
abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest
expectoration of blood arising from the pulmonary system is
hemoptysis
xray beam that exits the patient is
remnant beam
decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ is
ischemia
abnormal rapidity of breathing is
tachypnea
obstruction of the intestines is
ileus
how many primary bones are there in human body?
206
abnormal stone formed in the body tissues is
calculus
difficulty swalling is
dysphagia
hardening of arteries is
arterioscleosis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes is
bronchitits
area inside the xray tube which xrays emanate is
focal spot
immovable joint occurring only in the skull is
suture joints
plane of the body that is formed by the biting surfaces of the teeth is
occlusal
appendicular skeleton includes
humerus
femur
phalanges
shallow, linear channel in a bone is
groove
if a patient is upright and leans backward to put both shoulders in contact w/ the IR it is
lordotic position
if you are referring to body parts on the opposite sides of the body then they are considered to be
contralateral
___ position is when the patient is supine with the head higher than the feet
Fowler’s
condition of abnormal, black, tarry stools is
melena
closure/state of being closed is
occlusion
collection of air/gas in the pleural cavity is
pneumothorax
inflammation of the outpouchings of the muscular layer of the intestines is
diverticulosis
telescoping of a portion of the bowel into the distal intestine is known as
intussusception
registered techs must show continuing education
biannually
practice standards for RTs are written by
ASRT
monitoring techs for ethical conducts is the function of
ARRT
JRCERT is required by the __ to respond to allegations of non-compliance
USDE
AART cert requirements consist of
moral/ethical conduct
completion of an accredited program
successful completetion of the certifying exam
JRCERT accredition is
non-governing
ideal radiology admin will have expertise in
radiologic technique and management
curriculum being taught in your radiography program is based on the national radiography curriculum from which profession organization?
ASRT
the initials RT(R) (CV) (ARRT) would be used by RTs specializing in
special procedures
JRCERT’s board of directors
serves w/o compensation
is legally bound to protect the interest of the JRCERT
is required to appoint a member from the general public
educators in RT must have expertise in
curriculm design
assessing the effectivenss of clinical practice
counseling students in career opportunities
USA spends more than what amount on health care annually?
$1,000,000,000,000
true/false:continuing education was instituted to reinforce cultural / ethinic status
false:
it was to prevent professional obsolescence
to advance the professon
nat’l legislation to establish minimum education requirements for operators of radiation-producing equipment had its origin in which professional organization
ASRT
by the year 2025 half of all older Americans will be over what age?
75
the latest medical technology may add what % per day to the patient’s hospital bill
50
ARRT offered its first certficate in
1922
nation’s health care goals are stated in a document titled
Health People 2010
ARRT is the national organization for which
certifying the qualified tech
eligibility to sit for the ARRT exam in radiography requires what?
completion of an ARRT recognized accredited program in radiography
ARRT
develops tests and examines applicants in RT
in 1997 what became a requirement for recertification?
showing evidence of continuing education+
the ARRT exam consists of a
200 question computerized test plus pilot questions
ARRT does
register techs in radiation therapy, radiography, and nuclear medicine
exams techs for advanced level specialities
awards certficates in basic/advanced level radiography
score is defined as passing provided that
a composite score of 75 is made
purpose of the ARRT is to do
encourage education
elevate standards of radiologic technologists
examine/certify elgible candidates
what was primary reason the ASRT was formed?
education
national organization for radiologic technology educators is
ACERT
national organization for radiologic technology managers is
AHRA
national organization for all RTs is
ASRT
today, ASRT serves it members with
education program curricula
professional representation
continuing education/scholarly publications
short-term postgraduate education for the radiographer is
sonography
radiation therapy
group that represents over 350,000 health care professionals, including all radiologic science practioners is
Summit on Radiologic Sciences and Sonography
professional journal published by the ASRT is
Radiologic Technology
other professionals who work in diagnostic imaging and therapy include
radiologists
physicists
nurses
personnel management, budget preparation, union negotiations, & purchasing are a few of the areas of involvement of teh
dept’ admin
monitoring of personnel radiation exposure is the responsibility of
radiation safety officer
minor radiographic/fluoroscopic equipment problems are often served by
equipment specialist
in today’s radiology dept, upward and lateral mobility depends primarily on
education
what is of the utmost importance in quality assurance/quality control program
processor monitoring
JCAHO requires that radiology dept establish
quality assurance/quality control program
qualificiations for radiologic science program director, faculty, clinical coordinator, and clinical instructor are addressed by?
JRCERT
number of CE credits required for renewal of certification is
24 units in a 2 year period
continuing education for RT is
mandatory for all registered techs
CE credits may be obtained from an accredited postsecondary educational institution
courses in disciplines specified by ARRT
for an academic course to be acceptable for CE credit, the course must be relevant to
radiographic sciences
patient care
the organization requiring continuing education for renewal of certification is
ARRT
organization responsible for approving educational activities for CE credits is
RCEEM
what is payment system that determines costs/payments before delivery of service called
prospective payment
main objective for continuing education is
provide efficient patient care
single largest cost in providing medical care is
labor
lifestyle factor(s) that has/have the largest role in relation to the management of good health are
diet/smoking
when do most individuals incur the majority of their health care expenses?
last year of life
number of workers available to pay into gov’t or private health insurance is
falling
radiographic exams performed for the sole purpose of avoiding litigation is
defensive medicine
increasingly, entry-leve RT are working in which
imaging centers
physician offices
urgent care facilities
in what way does the JRCERT accreditation benefit students
by ensuring that a program meets nationally established professional standards
what gov’t agency is responsible for the oversight of institutional/programmatic accrediation
USDE
site visitors’ responsibilities include
developing a report of findings from the onsite eval of a program
evalutating a program through an onsite visit of teh sponsoring institution
which of the following is likely when a programs deficiences threaten the capability of a program to provide acceptable education
the program is awarded probationary accreditation
educational standards address
radiation safety
curriculum
mission statement and goals
JRCERT accredited pgorams may exist in which
health care facilities
colleges
proprietary schools
the JRCERT is
an accreditor of educational programs
JRCERT board of directors includes
radiologic technologists
physicians
represenative of the public
speciality that allows for most patient contact is
radiaton therapy
JRCERT investigates complaints that do what
relate to a programs compliance with the educational standards
what is a responsibilit of the JRCERT
evaluation of education programs
radiolgical sciences education has evolved from teh __ to the ___
apprentice
academic
what is the max lenght of an accreditation award from the JRCERT
8 years
what is true of accredidation
voluntary process
generally conducted by nongov’t agency
peer-review process
what is true of a pgoram’s self study report?
includes info about the porgrams outcomes in relation to its mission/goals
it’s an eval of the pgoram by program personnel
what imaging modality is useful in studing the brain and spinal cord through visualization?
MRI
which procedure is not an xray exam?
CT
u/s
MRI
what are advantages of u/s
no radiation used
it can be used to monitor fetal dev’t
distinguishing differences between CT and MRI
magnetic field vs radiation
formulaton of radipharmaceuticals and the localization of each w/in the body are unique to what discipline?
nuclear medicine
which specialty is involved in the treatment of diseases rather that its diagnosis?
radiation therapy
in what specialty may national certification be obtained through an organization other than ARRT
u/s
what subject is the curriculum not common to all disciplines/
treatment planning
what is clearly shown on a lateral abdomen projection in the dorsal decubitus positon?
pre-vertebral space
air-fluid levels
where is the center of the cassette positioned for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the left lateral decubitus position?
2” above the ililiac crests
common indications for performing oral cholecystography include
cholelithiasis
cholecystitis
biliary stenosis
it’s often necessary to demonstrate small amounts of intraperitoneal gas in patients with an acute abdomen. How long should the patient lay in the left lateral position before the radiograph is made?
10-20 mins
what is the radiologically important primary function of the liver?
formation of bile
the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic walls is called?
peritoneum
the liver lies in the
RUQ
what conveys blood to the liver
hepatic artery
portal vein
pancreas produces what
insulin
glucagon
pancreatic juice
the 2 main heaptic ducts join to form the
common hepatic duct
the common heptaic duct and the cystic duct join together and form the
common bile duct
common bile duct adn the pancreatic duct join together and enter a chamber known as
hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)
functions of the gallbladder include
store bile
concentrate bile
what is a prime consideration in producing optimal radiogrpahs of the abdomen
explain the breathing procedure to patient
don’t start exposure for 1-2 seconds after expiration
what describes the function of the spleen
produces lympohcytes
stores/removes dead blood cells
technical factors for an abdominal radiograph should be set to produce
moderately wide lattitude
properly exposed abdominal radiograph will exhibit
psoas muscles
lower boarder of the liver
tranverse process of the lumbar vertebrae
most commonly performmed abdominal exams is referred to as
KUB
CR angulation for an abdominal radiograph is
0*
if a patient is unable to stand for an upright AP abdominal radiograph which position should be used?
left lateral decubitus
where is the center of the cassette positioned for an AP abdominal radiograph done in the supine position
iliac crests
where is the center of the cassette positoned for an upright PA abdominal radiograph
2” above iliac crests
what is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal radiograph doen in the supine position?
expiration
what is the respiration phase for an AP or PA abdominal radiograph done in upright position
expiration
one of the primary reasons for left lateral decubitus abdominal radiograph performed is to demonstrate
air-fluid levels
for which of the followign projections of the abdomen is the xray beam placed in the horizontal position
upright, PA
AP, lateral decubitus
what is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the grid for a lateral projection of the abdomen
midcoronall plane
where is the cente rof the cassette positioned for a lateral projection of the abdomen done in the dorsal decubits position?
2” above iliac crests
what is respiration phase for all projections of the biliary tract or gallbladder?
expiration
when is the contrast medium for oral cholecystography given to the patient
2-3 hours after evening meal
why is the prone position the best position for demonstrating the structures of the biliary system
places the structures closer to the cassette`
where is cassette centered for a PA gallbladder radiograph
variable, depending on the body habitus
during an operative cholangiogram the surgeon injects the contrast medium directly into the bilialry system. what projections are typically done during this procedure in surgery
AP
AP, oblique, RPO
the inner portion of the sac that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is
visceral peritoneum
during an ERCP an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under flouroscope control. “spot” radiographs are usutally taken of the
pancreatic duct
common bile duct
what orangs lie in the abdominal cavity?
stomach
gallbladder
kidneys
what organs lie in pelvic cavity
rectum
bladder
outer portion of the sac that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is
parietal peritoneum
narrow space between the 2 layers of the peritoneum is called
peritoneal cavity
what should be clearly demonstrated on an AP/PA oblique projection of the lungs?
lungs & trachea filled with air
where should top of cassette be positoned for an AP oblique projection of the lungs?
1 1/2 - 2” above vertebral ___ or 5” above jugular notch
for AP oblique projection of the chest, what side is of interest?
side closest to the cassette
what does the diaphram do when the lungs expand?
drops
what is the body habitus?
shape of your insides
where is the thymus?
behind the manubrum sterni
what does the thorasic viscera consist of
lungs
mediastinum
right lung is ____” shorter than the left
1
for PA oblique projection of teh chest, what is the side of interest?
furtherest from cassette
what is CR angle for Lindblom of demonstrating pulminary aspes?
0*
what is the space between the 2 pleural cavities?
mediastinum
how many chambers are in the thoracis cavity?
3
what organs are in thoracic cavity?
lungs heart respiratory organs cardiovascular organs lympathic organs inferior portion of the esphogus thymus gland
the trachea is anterior/inferior to the esophagus?
anterior
trachea goves from C6 -
T4/T5
where does the trachea divide?
at the carina
what is carina
hooklike process at end of trachea
foreign bodies that enter the trachea are more likely to go to which lung?
right
terminal bronchioles communicate with
aveolar ducts
each aveolar duct ends in several
aveolar sacs
the aveolar sacs are lined with
alveoli
what does the alveioli do
gas exchange
what is the respiratory system made up
pharynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
light spongy elastic substance that lungs are covered by
parenchyma
where are the apex parts of the lungs
above the clavicles
where is the base of the lungs
rests on diaphragm
during respiration the lungs move ____ on inpsiration
inferiorly
during respiration the lungs move ____ on expiration
superiorly
deep recesses of the parietal pleura
costophrenci angle
mediastinal surface is concave with a depression called ____ which accommodates blood vessels, nerves, etc
hilum
each lung is enclosed in a double-walled serious membrane sac called
pleura
inner layer of teh pleural sac that adheres to the surface of the lung
visceral pleura
outer layer of the pleaural sac tha tlines the wall of teh thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
space between the visceral and parietal pleura
pleural cavity
tongue-shaped process on the anteromedial border of left lung
lingula
does the mediastinum contain the lungs?
no
true/false?
thymus atrophies as you age
true
shield on sternum
manubrium
on PA position ___ is closer to IR
heart
on left lateral positon ___ is closer to IR
heart
quantity of electrons
mAs
quality of or penetrability
kVp
kVp is ___ on chest xrays
120
breathing instructions for chest xrays:
full inspiration on 2nd breath
gas or air in pleural cavity
pheumonthorax
code of ethics followed by RT includes
attention to radiation safety
public education
what organization stipulates that patient/family complaints must be in place/made available for use as part of continuing quality improvement
JCAHO
people from outside the hopstial such as patients, families, physicians, and others w/in community
outside customer
members of other dept
inside customer
understanding but not necessarily agreeing w/ somene position
empathy
maslow’s hiearchy of needs
- physiological needs: food, shelter, clothing
- feeling of safety: family/health/property
- love/belonging: friendship, family, sexual intimacy
- satisfying relationships: self esteen, resepct
- self-actualization: need to feel productive
control over emotions/actions
self discipline
interpret a sitation from an unbiased point of view
objectivity
acute stress brings on
fight/flight
primal stresses
life threatening
obtaining food
death
physical, chemical, emotinal factor that causes bodily/mental tension
stress
observations, mental images, a result of perceiving
perception
assisting or intending to assist memory
mnemonics
making wise decisions based on a set of universally accepted values
critical thinking
natural cohesivness in a group
herd instinct
father of medicine
hippocrates
what day was xray discovered
November 8, 1895
who discovered xray
wilhelm roentgen
technological knowledge doubles every
15-18 months
state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease
health
pattern of response of living organism to some form of injury
diease
rateof death from various conditions
mortality
occurrence of disease
morbidity
effecting many people at once; an outbreak or porduct of sudden rapid growth
epidemic
disease occurring over a wide area and affecting in exceptionally high proportions of population
pandemic
infectious diseases account for what percoent of all visits to docs each year
25
who primarily worked w/ fluroscope?
edison
credited w/ radium
marie curie
how many properties of xrays are there
12
