Final exam Flashcards
concept of development
development is life long and influenced by education, occupation, income, culture, ethnicity, and gender.
lifespan perspective
life long, multidirectional, multidimensional, multidisciplinary, characterized by brain plasticity, and multicontextual.
life expectancy
predicted number of years a species will live
life span
womb to tomb- how long a species can live
historical theory of development: preformationism
children were believed to posses all their sensory, emotional, and mental capabilities at birth. And the unfolded over time with no involvement from the environment.
historical theory of development: Locke
children are blank slates and their environment is very important
historical theory of development: Rousseau
children should think freely and will develop naturally
historical theory of development: Freud
what children experience affects their adulthood. children are driven by instinct
longitudinal research
examine changes over time
cross sectional research
examine changes of different ages at the same time (how war affects elderly vs teens)
sequential research
involves both longitudinal and cross sectional
ericksons stages of development
trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and guilt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation
fertilization
ovulation, sperm through fallopian tube, penetrate egg, make zygote
pregnancy stage: germinal
first stage. This has to occur for pregnancy and lasts 1 to 14 days
pregnancy stage: embryonic
second stage. lasts 3 to 8 weeks. major organs are constructed
pregnancy stage: fetal
third, final, and longest stage. weeks 9 until birth. genitalia is developed, light and sound sensitivity, reflexes, sleep cycles, pain perception, weight gain, prepare for birth
first stage of child birth
longest- contractions begin about thirty minutes apart. labor begins when water breaks.
second stage of child birth
less than an hour. baby is pushed out
third stage
shortest- expulsion of placenta
chromosomal disorders
if you inherit too many or few chromosomes. more likely from the mother. down syndrome, turner syndrome (generally affects women. xo instead of xx. may not be able to reproduce.), klinefelter syndrome (generally affects men. extra x chromosome. inhibits development of male genitalia.)
chromosomes
XY- male XX- female
myelin
fatty coating around the axon. myelin is insulation for the axons. The more myelin you have the better you think and see.
dendrites
short and bushy, they receive and take information.
axons
long- can extend several feet in the body, good for passing information
