chapter four Flashcards
overall physical growth
slower than infancy. between two and six children gain 4-5 pounds grow about three inches.
brain weight
3 years 75 percent adult weight 6 years 95 percent
prefrontal cortex
being able to think, make decisions, control your emotions
gross and fine motor skills
gross (run, jump) fine (coloring, drawing.)
sleep
children need lots of sleep. two year olds 15-16 hours while six year olds need 7-8
food consistency
children need consistency. they prefer the same food
malnutrition
solid foods, limit choices
pretend play
toys can help kids learn and have more uses. a teddy bear can be a baby
egocentrisim
children cant understand another persons point of view
animism
children attribute human qualities to objects
conservation
two glasses can have the same liquid but be different sizes. child doesn’t understand liquid is the same amount
centration
focused on the center. if you put food in a smaller bowl the child will think they have less food. only centered on one aspect
classification
cant understand that an object can be classified in different ways
vygotskys social world
social interactions can impact a childs development
zone of proximal development
teacher helps a child be able to preform a task and eventually do it on their own
scaffolding
temporary support from parents or teachers
divided attention
the ability to focus between tasks
selective attention
focus on a single task
sustained attention
ability to stay on task for long periods of time
theory of mind
the ability to think about other peoples thoughts
vocabulary growth
vocabulary expands from 200 words to 10,000
fast mapping
connections between new and known words
bilingual
understand and use at least two languages
initiative vs guilt
kids want to take initiative. Encourage it, praise children and avoid being criticle
